Dendrochronological Dating and Provenancing of Timbers from the Arade 1 Shipwreck,Portugal

As part of a larger project promoting the development of historical dendrochronology in the Iberian Peninsula, ship‐timbers from the Arade 1 wreck (mostly planking and framing elements), stored at the DANS/IGESPAR in Lisbon, were examined. Of these, 52 samples were identified as deciduous oak (Quercus subg. quercus) and two as chestnut (Castanea sativa). Of 24 timbers selected for dendrochronological research, 23 could be dated, placing the origin of the wood in western France and the felling of trees between AD 1579 and 1583. Their homogeneity suggests they are part of the original construction, which probably took place shortly after AD 1583. © 2012 The Authors     

Soldiers Mistakenly Reported Killed in Action: Three German World War II Examples Related to Operation Dragoon in August 1944

Abstract

While researching the histories of 492 German soldiers killed in Southern France in August and September 1944, three cases of soldiers having falsely been reported as killed in action were discovered. There were different reasons for each of the misidentifications; in the first case, the precise circumstances are unclear, but may have occurred after an accidental exchange of identification tags with a fellow soldier; the second case was probably caused by a mistaken report from a witness; the third seems to have been misidentification by medical personnel unfamiliar with the bodies they were dealing with. The Wehrmacht used poorly designed identification tags, while there was no use of methods such as fingerprinting and tooth charts when identification tags were not available. Unreliable methods such as visual identification or witness testimony were deemed to be sufficient to report a soldier dead. As a consequence, false reports of death seem to have been relatively commonplace.     

Large-scale Debris Flow Disasters: Hazard-Risk-Vulnerability Analysis Approach in Taiwan

Catastrophic disasters may cause irreversible damage to cultural heritage. This study identified the risk to cultural heritage sites in Taiwan posed by large-scale debris flow disasters. The cultural heritage sites that may be affected by debris flows were identified through risk identification and by using GIS. Subsequently, an on-site field survey was conducted to confirm the cultural heritage sites that are potentially vulnerable to debris flow disasters. The research findings are as follows: (a) the top three cultural heritage sites that are most affected by debris flows are municipal, county, and city monuments, historical buildings, and historical sites; (b) the number of cultural heritage sites affected is related to environmental exploitation; (c) the cultural heritage sites at high risk of being affected by disasters were primarily located in Taitung and Chiayi Counties.     

秦始皇帝陵出土二号青铜马车彩绘夔龙纹复原方法研究

为对秦始皇陵出土的彩绘铜车马采取非接触且科学可靠的方法开展研究,选择使用高光谱成像技术,以非接触方式无损地获取文物表面信息。通过对信息的处理与分析,实现对于文物表面彩绘纹样的发现与复原工作。针对秦始皇帝陵出土的二号青铜车马彩绘纹样的受损情况,提出了结合高光谱成像技术与计算机图像技术的数字复原方法。主要是利用了高光谱成像技术“图谱合一”的优势:一方面利用其在近红外区域的高光谱成像结果检测并复原出彩绘纹样难以识别的图案边缘信息;另一方面利用高光谱数据中的光谱信息,将铜车马彩绘纹样上未知矿物颜料的光谱同实验建立的矿物颜料标准光谱库进行拟合,识别出铜车马上彩绘所采用的颜料种类(雄黄1、石青5、石绿1、黄丹、铅白等),从而获得色彩信息。实验结果显示该方法可以得到较为完整的铜车马彩绘纹样的数字复原图像,并为今后对于铜车马更深入的研究和应用提供有利支撑。     

少数民族传统聚落景观基因的居民感知与认同特征——以通道芋头侗寨为例

本文以通道县芋头侗寨为研究区域,在识别鼓楼、风雨桥、寨门、萨坛、布局形态、图腾标志、环境因子等9个景观基因的基础上,从环境要素感知和文化心理认同的角度进行问卷及访谈调查。结果发现:1萨坛感知度最高,图腾感知度最低;2萨坛、鼓楼认同度较高,整体形态、图腾和参考环境认同度较低;3位置感知度最高,体积感知度最差;4情感认同度较高,功能认同度最低;5男性感知和认同明显高于女性;6文化程度对感知影响较大,对认同影响不明显;7居住时长对感知和认同有正向影响;8离村寨距离对感知与认同度由正向影响。     

孙中山与佛教

孙中山尽管对佛教没有作过专门的研究,但他对佛教传播和发展的历史、佛教的教义、佛教的功用等有相当的了解,他从佛教中获得了一些有助于国民革命的启发,对佛教"灵境"也有亲身的感受.孙中山在处理有关佛教事务时,采取了较为谨慎的态度,不仅在法律上确立佛教的平等地位,而且积极支持佛教的革新和佛教团体的建立,对蒙藏活佛、寺产等佛教事务的处理,提出了较为稳妥的办法.孙中山对佛教的认同和对佛教事务的妥善处理,赢得了广大佛教徒的尊敬和爱戴.生前,佛教徒给了孙中山以有力支持;死后,佛教徒给了孙中山及其三民主义以高度评价.     

旅游者的民宿认同机制及行为差异研究

基于认同理论的角度,从民宿实体品牌和虚拟社群两个层面的互动影响机制进行理论模型的建构,深入探讨旅游者的民宿选择行为的影响方式,并从人地关系的角度,进一步探究旅游者的民宿选择行为空间差异。结果表明：①构建的关系模式解释力强,两个互动关系路径不仅能全面解释影响旅游者的民宿认同机理,也可用于解释旅游者的民宿选择行为空间差异形成的因素;②旅游者的民宿品牌认同对社群认同、品牌信任和品牌承诺有显著正向影响,社群认同和品牌信任对社群参与和品牌承诺有显著正向影响,社群参与显著正向影响品牌承诺和旅游者行为,品牌信任和品牌承诺正向显著影响旅游者行为;③民宿品牌信任、社群参与、品牌承诺在各自维度关系上具有显著的部分中介效应,验证了旅游者的民宿空间选择行为的差异;④乡村旅游者分类进行群组比较,有助于进一步识别模型的路径关系。     

天津博物馆文物库房部分文物与囊匣中霉菌的分离与鉴定

馆藏文物中的书画、古籍、档案、纺织品和竹木漆器等有机质文物,常常受到霉菌的破坏。为了解文物库房有机质文物中霉菌病害现状,寻找适合的防治方法,利用显微形态观察和分子生物学方法,对四个库房内文物材料与囊匣上滋生的霉菌进行采样、培养、分离和鉴定。实验分离出的14株菌株通过形态观察和分子生物学鉴定为6个属,包括毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、畸枝霉属(Malbranchea)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、派伦霉属(Peyronellaea)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)等,其中毛壳菌属数量最多,曲霉属次之,多数为能对文物产生危害的常见菌种,亟待采取有效防治措施。实验结果可为今后霉菌的防治工作提供依据。     

EDXRF探针分析古瓷产地的尝试

由于古汝瓷原料产地的信息能为汝瓷科技鉴定工作提供可靠的借鉴,本工作采用EDXRF探针技术测试了若干汝瓷和钧瓷等样品中的常量元素及微量元素。再利用多元统计中的因子分析处理成分数据,对各样品的因子得分用因子轮廓图和聚类分析图来表示。结果表明,新安钧瓷、古汝瓷和现代仿汝瓷能较好地加以区分,金钧和元钧能从釉的微量元素上加以区分,严和店窑青瓷也能和其他样品区分开。这说明上述两种数据处理方法相结合能较好地反映出样品中所隐含的产地信息,从而为汝瓷科技鉴定和其他古陶瓷的产地分析提供了参考。     

从毛公鼎的真伪鉴别展望中国古器物学的研究(下)

4．透视技术了断了毛公鼎的真伪公案4．1真真假假毛公鼎台北故宫博物院收藏了一件腹内铸有五百字铭文的毛公鼎,系迄今为止所发现的铜器中铭文最长的一件（图15）。这件铜器相传在清朝道光末年出土于陕西歧山,当时如何出土,并没有确实的记录,出土之后流传的经过也暖味不明;目前所知最早的流传记录,是1852年收藏家陈介棋以高价向古董商苏亿年购得毛公鼎。清季乾、嘉之后,盛行金石考据之学,有铭文的古铜器十分珍贵,毛公鼎的五百字铭文堪称皇皇钜构,行家不莫不视为至宝。但在旧社会中,因怀宝而招祸之事,时有所闻,因此陈氏获得毛公…