Battle/fields: braceros,agribusiness, and the violent reproduction of the California agricultural landscape during World War II

The first years of World War II were marked by a series of battles in and over the fields of California. Workers struggled with growers, growers struggled with the state, and federal and California bureaucrats struggled to gain control over the anarchic labor conditions that marked California agriculture. The introduction of a guest worker program – the bracero program – that brought farmworkers from Mexico to the harvests of California and other states, brought these battles to a head as growers ought to secure their traditional access to ‘cheap labor’ and their presumed right to control the farm labor process in the state. This paper examines these battles to show how growers fought – and managed – to preserve a landscape of great power and profit. The paper argues that the agricultural landscape extant at the beginning of the war shaped the nature of these multifaceted struggles, even as it was an object of those struggles.     

浅谈电视新闻报道对建设新农村的宏观把握

建设社会主义新农村是党中央做出的重大战略决策。作为电视新闻媒体,正确把握社会主义新农村的深刻内涵,是做好宣传报道的前提和关键。本文分析了一些电视媒体在新农村报道中存在的问题,强调新闻报道要紧扣新农村建设的主题,紧密结合实际,正确发挥电视新闻在新农村建设中的舆论导向作用。     

以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局--第十一个五年规划《建议》的新亮点

第十一个五年规划《建议》最鲜明的特点是,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,把《五年计划》改为《五年规划》;国民经济发展既要快又要稳;建设社会主义新农村是促进城乡协调发展的重要战略;自主创新是调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节;建设和谐社会的关键在于实现社会公平正义。     

A new phoenix? Large plants regeneration policies in Italy

The fall of employment in manufacturing that the world's most advanced economies have been experiencing in the past 40 years has triggered a number of policies, undertaken in several countries. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a place-based policy, carried out in Italy, aimed at both generating private investments and increasing employment in areas affected by deep industrial decline. By means of an instrumental variable identification strategy, we show that the program has been largely unsuccessful.     

South African Nuclear Development in the 1970s: A Non-Proliferation Conundrum?

ABSTRACT

The 1970s is often argued to be the era marking the beginning of the overall transformation of the international system and the nuclear order, following the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) entering into force in 1970. South Africa challenged this nuclear order from the outset. In addition to regarding the NPT as inherently discriminatory and hypocritical in allowing a difference between nuclear weapon ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’, the South African apartheid regime felt threatened by Soviet expansionism into Southern Africa. Facing international condemnation and isolation due to its repressive domestic politics of racial segregation, and gripped in a war against Soviet- and Cuban-backed forces in Angola, the apartheid regime was quick to move from a decision to build one peaceful nuclear explosive device in 1974, to a formal decision in 1978 to design and develop a secret strategic nuclear deterrent. Using knowledge and skills acquired during a period of techno-nationalism and Western collaboration during the 1960s, South Africa was able to cross this threshold in a relatively short space of time, thereby signaling a clear departure from the nuclear non-proliferation regime that the five nuclear powers of the NPT were trying to establish.     

Effects of U.S. States' Social Welfare Systems on Population Health

Social scientists have studied the welfare state extensively. Many studies seek to understand the determinants of the welfare state; however, a few have explored the social consequences of social welfare systems, especially on health outcomes of the population. Even though cross-national comparative studies support the thesis that the welfare state regime type, which represents different levels of commitment on social welfare, is closely linked to population health, there is little research to support this argument at a sub-national level. To fill the gap, this study explores the effects of the U.S. states' social welfare systems on health using age-adjusted mortality rates as a proxy for population health. By operationalizing social welfare systems as three dimensions—public expenditures, tax structures, and welfare program rules—we find that more generous education spending, progressive tax systems, and more lenient welfare program rules help to improve population health. The model corrects for first-order serial correlation using Prais-Winsten regression methods and is estimated with state and year-fixed effects.     

电视栏目评价体系的建构及其发展

建立科学量化的电视栏目评价体系是实施栏目评价的前提。电视栏目评价体系的框架是由一系列指标构成的,它大致可分为主观指标、客观指标、社会效益指标和经济效益指标。着力构建电视栏目的评价体系,有利于促进节目质量的提高,有利于建立健全电视栏目管理的约束机制、栏目运营的责任机制以及对创作人员的激励机制。     

电视新闻的导向性与贴近性刍议

电视新闻的导向性与贴近性是相互联系、相互作用的关系,充分发挥电视新闻的舆论导向作用,就必须坚持贴近性;电视新闻工作者只有牢牢把握新闻的贴近性,才能吸引更为广大的受众群体,从而更好地体现导向性,发挥好党和人民的“喉舌”作用。