Modified Full Operator Hybrid Simulation Algorithm and its Application to the Seismic Response Simulation of a Composite Coupled Wall System

A new version of the Full Operator Method (FOM) is proposed in this work. The numerical characteristics of the modified FOM (mFOM) are investigated, both theoretically and analytically. It is found that mFOM is unconditionally stable when the estimated stiffness of the structure is larger than or equal to the actual stiffness. Simulations using two numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the capability of the mFOM. The seismic response simulation of a composite coupled wall system suggests that the mFOM is capable of generating reasonably accurate solutions despite the presence of structural complexity, material nonlinearity, and displacement control errors.     

Development and Verification of a New Site Classification System and Site Coefficients for Regions of Shallow Bedrock in Korea

In this article, site response analyses for 124 sites collected in Korea were performed to evaluate earthquake ground motions in regions of shallow bedrock in Korea. Based on the results, a new two-parameter site classification system was developed for use in regions of shallow bedrock. The system incorporates depth to bedrock and mean V_S of soil above bedrock as parameters for site classification instead of V_S30. Soil sites were divided into seven site classes and the corresponding site coefficients were proposed for each site category. Some verification work demonstrates the superiority of the proposed system over the current seismic codes.     

Quantification of Linked Column Frame Seismic Performance Factors for Use in Seismic Design

Previous research has proposed the Linked Column Frame (LCF) as a lateral load-resisting system capable of providing rapid return to occupancy for buildings impacted by moderate earthquake events and collapse prevention in very large events. The LCF consists of flexible moment frames (MF) and linked columns (LC), which are closely spaced dual columns interconnected with bolted links. The linked columns (LC) are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation through yielding of the links, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. The proposed design procedure ensures the links of the linked column yield at a significantly lower story drift than the beams of the moment frame, enabling design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid repair, where only link damage occurs and quick link replacement is possible; and collapse prevention, where both the linked column and moment frame may be damaged.

Here, the seismic performance factors for the LCF system, including the response modification factor, R, the system over-strength factor, Ω₀, and the deflection amplification factor, C_d, are established following the procedures described in FEMA P695 [2009]. These parameters are necessary for inclusion of the system in the building code. This work describes the development of archetype structures, numerical models of the LCF systems, incremental dynamic analyses, and interpretation of the results. From the results, it is recommended that R, Ω₀, and C_d values of 8, 3, and 5.5 be used for seismic design of the LCF system. A height limit of 35 m (115ft) is recommended at this time as taller LCFs are not considered in this study.     

中德应急管理体制比较

德国的应急管理已经有机融入到社会管理的各个层面,几乎无处不在。同时,政府的职能定位明确,与社会和公民的关系清晰。德国应急管理的经验拓宽了我国应急管理的思路,给我们一定的启示和借鉴。     

New Data on the Exploitation of Obsidian in the Southern Caucasus (Armenia,Georgia) and Eastern Turkey,Part 2: Obsidian Procurement from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Late Bronze Age

Within the framework of the French archaeological mission ‘Caucasus’, in a previous paper we have presented new geochemical analyses on geological obsidians from the southern Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia) and eastern Turkey. We present here the second part of this research, which deals with provenance studies of archaeological obsidians from Armenia. These new data enhance our knowledge of obsidian exploitation over a period of more than 14 000 years, from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Late Bronze Age. The proposed methodology shows that source attribution can be easily made by plotting element contents and element ratios on three simple binary diagrams. The same diagrams were used for source discrimination. As the southern Caucasus is a mountainous region for which the factor of distance as the crow flies cannot be applied, we have explored the capacity of the Geographic Information System to evaluate the nature and patterns of travel costs between the sources of obsidian and the archaeological sites. The role of the secondary obsidian deposits, which enabled the populations to acquire raw material at a considerable distance from the outcrops, is also considered.     

辛亥革命以来政党制度更替对中国政治发展道路的影响

辛亥革命以来,中国政党制度的性质、内容与形式几度更替,对中国政治发展道路产生了重大而深远的影响：近代资产阶级多党制和议会制,肇始近代中国政治发展道路的曲折探索;国民党一党专政,促使近代中国政治发展道路在徘徊倒退中进行革命性扬弃;共产党与各民主党派的团结合作,绽放现代中国政治发展道路的曙光;中国共产党领导的多党合作制度,开创中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的新篇章。     

史前至夏时期“华西系玉器”研究(中)

本文是此长文的中篇,主要探索黄河上中游地区,在公元前3000年—前1600年间的玉器文化。从考古资料可知,约于公元前2300年前,分布于六盘山周围的客省庄文化、常山下层文化、菜园文化、半山文化等与齐家文化的形成关系密切,笔者统称之为"先齐家诸文化"。齐家文化可能形成于公元前2600年前后,但约自公元前2300年以降,迅速发展成地域甚广的强势文化,尤其是在该文化晚期,已分布至陕北高原西侧,北达河套地区。承袭了可能萌芽于庙底沟文化时的"璧琮礼制",先齐家时期已在祭祀坑里将琮与璧上下叠压掩埋,此时玉石琮也有了浅圈形的射口,或是为了固定二器的叠压而设计。齐家文化遗址较多,本文从墓葬、房址、祭祀坑等各方面作了分析研究。     

大遗址保护管理体制与机制研究综述

本文试对近年来就大遗址保护管理层级、管理机构、管理人员、规章制度、经费以及其他大遗址管理相关主题展开讨论的学术会议、科研课题及论文进行梳理,以期管窥大遗址保护管理体制与机制研究现状,为更深入、系统地开展相关研究奠定基础.     

EQUALITY OF SPATIAL ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES FOR SINGAPORE'S BABY BOOMERS

The ageing baby boomers in Singapore, which account for one-third of the total population in 2006, will have a profound impact on the economy, society and environment. The greatest demand is for health care services. Even though Singapore has generally been regarded as a country where primary health services are easily available to all residents, this paper identifies significant spatial variations across the island-state. In particular, accessibility in some areas with high concentration of boomers is relatively lower compared to other residential areas. This paper concludes that understanding the spatial variation in primary health service accessibility is critical to the success of future policies, which may lead to a review of the provision of such services across the island. The methodology developed in this paper is also applicable to the study of service inequalities in other Asian countries with large rural settings.     

Toward Historical Ethnography: Notarial Records and Family History in the Middle Ages

One can easily use nineteenth-century tithe data of England and Wales in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze a range of subjects, for example, land use, productivity, land ownership, or tenancy. Making the tithe data GIS ready, on the other hand, is a nontrivial matter. The tithe data consist of two main types: spatial, that is, the tithe map, and nonspatial attribute data linked to the map. The tithe therefore has the characteristics of a GIS, albeit in paper form. The author outlines the process of creating the structures for building a data repository that allows the storage and dissemination of both tithe schedules and maps in a single GIS-ready system. The author chose Oracle to host the repository. The Oracle Spatial module allows storage of both spatial and attribute information. Oracle also provides the means of serving data to users via the Internet.