近代朝鲜华侨制造业研究——以铸造业为中心

以朝鲜殖民地时期华侨制造业中最具代表性的铸造业作为研究对象,对华侨铸造工厂诞生的背景、同乡网络及其生产体制进行了阐述;分析了华侨制造业在朝鲜烧锅制造领域里取得垄断性地位的原因,一是华侨铸造工厂里中国劳动者较低的工资及技术开发的进行;二是全国的华侨铸造工厂形成了以河北省交河县为中心的同乡网络并进行协力合作。中日战争爆发后,日本政府谋求战时经济的强化,朝鲜总督府也加强了战时统治经济,生铁原料的配给发生困难,华侨铸造工厂因而纷纷倒闭,走向衰退。     

Voluntarism, municipalism and welfare: the geography of hospital utilization in England in 1938

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the pattern of hospital utilization (rather than provision) in England prior to the establishment of the NHS, showing the extent to which the probability of obtaining hospital treatment was a function of residence. Access to hospital care depended on the vigour of voluntarism and the political priorities of local governments. The pattern of voluntary hospital utilization is shown to have been markedly unequal, but the effect of municipal provision was to reduce disparities in access to services. The paper demonstrates variations in hospital utilization and discusses contemporary assessments of the situation. This work contributes to debates about the efficacy of non-profit forms of welfare delivery; it provides a novel British study to complement American work in this field. It also raises questions about the contemporary vogue for partnerships in health care delivery between the public and private sectors, arguing that such proposals rest on an optimistic view of history.     

试论金元时期的北方经济

金元时期北方地区虽久经战争的摧残,但很快得到恢复。大部分地区尤其是东部在以往经济发达、技术先进的基础上,通过勤奋劳作和改进生产力,经济状况良好。粮食、桑麻、纺织、冶铁、煤炭、商业等方面仍呈发展势头,又强化了官营手工业、畜牧业等优势。金元时期的北方经济并未随经济重心南移而衰落,仍是发展着的经济,并曾繁荣昌盛,某些方面不亚于甚至超过南方。     

论近代中国北方外向型经济的兴起

近代以后,我国北方广大地区的社会经济结构逐步由传统的农、牧、工、商业经济向现代外向型经济转变。这一嬗变与北方沿海港口尤其是天津港的开埠和发展,有着极为密切的关系。天津进出口结构的变化,则是北方社会经济这种变迁的主要体现。通过港口与腹地间经济的互动作用,近代北方外向型经济体系逐步架构起来。     

社会主义市场经济中的中国税制改革

1992年,具有伟大历史意义的中国共产党第十二次全国代表大会确定了中国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制。为此,中国于1994年实施了新中国成立以来规模最大、范围最广、内容最深刻的一次税制改革。经过这次税制改革和9年来的逐步完善,中国已经初步建立了适应社会主义市场经济体制需要的税收制度,对于保证财政收入、加强宏观调控、深化改革、扩大开放、促进经济与社会的发展起到了重要的作用。回顾1992年以来中国税制改革、发展的情况,目的在于真实地反映11年来中国税制发展的历程和取得的成就,总结经验,为今后中国税制的进一步改革与发展提供借鉴。     

日本经济现状的几点思考

从20世纪90年代开始,日本经济就忍受着失去方向感的痛苦。它不是首先把国家转变为全球经济的一部分,同时得到全球化的好处,而是希望某些行业作为一个全球化的后院来为世界的其他地方服务,不考虑从整体上让国家融入世界经济之中。日本希望自己的新经济高速发展,却不愿意对全球空间开放,也不愿意放弃其经济的旧的习惯领域。因此日本经济错过了最好的发展时机,在衰退的循环中一直走不出来。日本的教训很值得我们进一步研究。     

Subsidiary impact on host-country economies--the case of foreign-owned subsidiaries attracting investment into sweden

This paper examines the impact of foreign-owned subsidiarieson their surrounding host-country economies, focusing particularlyon investment attraction. To explain such subsidiary impact,we develop a LISREL-model including four interlinked constructs:(a) the dynamism of the host-country business environment withinwhich the subsidiary unit is active; (b) the control strategiesof corporate headquarters; (c) quality of subsidiary competencies;and (d) the formalized mandate provided by headquarters forcertain subsidiaries to become centers. Based on the model,six hypotheses are formulated, and tested in a LISREL-analysison a set of data containing information on foreign-owned subsidiariesin Sweden. The results show that the dynamics of the host-countrybusiness environment positively impact on the foreign-ownedsubsidiary competence development and play a fundamental rolein deciding whether such units will impact on the investmentattraction in the host economy.     

Pottery politics: Late Classic Maya palace production at Motul de San José, Petén,Guatemala

Archeologists often rely heavily on stone monuments, architecture, settlement patterns, and written texts to reconstruct ancient political systems. In this paper we focus on the role of polychrome pottery as both a reflection of and critical component in the production of power relations. We present rare direct evidence of polychrome pottery production recovered from the Maya site of Motul de San José, the presumed Late Classic (ca. 600–900 AD) capital of the epigraphically-recognized Ik’ polity. Our contextual analysis of production debris and tools complement on-going polychrome vessel style and chemical analyses of Ik’ Style polychrome vessels to suggest that Motul de San José’s royal court was an important center in the manufacture of Ik’ Style polychrome pottery. These elaborate vessels indexed the political history, power, and networks of the Ik’ polity. By combining archeological, iconographic, and epigraphic data of polychrome pottery, we shed light on Motul de San José’s internal political-economic dynamics as well as its macro-political alliances and tensions with other polities.     

Hunting behavior and Neanderthal adaptability in the Late Pleistocene site of Pech-de-l'Azé I

The late Mousterian of Acheulian tradition (MTA) site of Pech-de-l'Azé 1 shows a very particular stratigraphic sequence characterized by numerous elements not usually found in Mousterian contexts such as avifauna exploitation and the use of hundreds of mineral pigments. Recent zooarchaeological and skeletochronological analyses provide new insights into the evolution of subsistence behaviors and settlement patterns of the Neanderthals that inhabited the shelter. Due to changes in hunting season, Neanderthals adapted their hunting strategies, exploiting various red deer populations which presented very different behavior. The evolution in the seasonal occupation of the shelter may have been the results of major modifications of its (series of roof collapsed) which induced a shrank in inhabitable space., which forced the Mousterians to adjust the way they used the cavity to its characteristics in order to optimize its exploitation. The conclusions underline the excellent adaptability of the Neanderthals to their physical environment.     

Lapita subsistence strategies and food consumption patterns in the community of Teouma (Efate,Vanuatu)

The subsistence strategies of the Lapita populations (3100–2800 BP), the first colonisers of the pristine environments of the islands of Eastern Melanesia and Western Polynesia, have been a matter of ongoing debate for decades. Opinions have ranged between the two extremes of Lapita colonisers being either characterised as highly mobile foragers to fully horticultural communities. To further address the question, this paper presents stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic data obtained from analyses of human and animal collagen samples from the site of Teouma (Efate, Vanuatu) dated to between c. 3000–2500 BP. The isotopic signatures obtained from 28 samples (23 human and 5 animal), interpreted in combination with isotopic information from several coastal and insular environments, suggest a diet primarily made up of terrestrially derived animal protein with lesser contributions from vegetable produce and inshore marine species. Comparisons linking the isotopic data gleaned from the Teouma individuals and Lapita subsistence patterns reconstructed through archaeozoological and archaeobotanical remains support the hypothesis of a mixed economy, that included terrestrial foraging, inshore marine exploitation and a low level of food production for at least some of the earliest Lapita colonists in Vanuatu.