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101.
马世之 《中原文物》2007,2(3):26-29
郑州大师姑城址是一座夏代晚期古城。其性质既不是夏都斟寻,也非夏王朝东部的军事重镇,更与韦、顾等方国都城无关。根据考古资料和文献记载进行综合考察,我们认为它很有可能就是昆吾之城。  相似文献   
102.
与汉代铸钱相关的遗物中,铸钱夹砂陶背范出土数量最多,是由泥质面层与夹砂背层组成。为了揭示铸钱夹砂陶背范的制作工艺并探讨陶范多次使用的可能性及夹砂层的作用,对陕西西安窝头寨汉代铸钱遗址出土的铸钱夹砂陶背范进行分析研究。结果表明,泥质面层采用细泥料制作,其作用是保证所铸造的金属钱币具有优良的表面质量;夹砂背层是在制范泥料中掺杂了较多的肉眼可见的砂砾,其作用是提高陶范的机械性能,减小陶范受热后的变形,有利于它与金属范合范铸钱。铸钱夹砂陶背范的制作过程是:先制作夹砂层,然后在夹砂层上制作细泥层,在细泥层上印制钱币的背郭型腔,与金属范组成铸型铸造钱币。证实夹砂层可以重复使用,当泥质面层损坏后可以除掉表面的细泥层或直接在原型腔面上另加一层细泥重新制作背郭型腔,再次进行钱币的铸造,夹砂层可以一直使用到被损坏为止,从而极大地提高了铸钱效率。  相似文献   
103.
为了了解上海松江广富林遗址出土周代铜器合金配比和加工工艺特点,对18件该地区出土周代铜器进行检测分析。使用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和金相显微镜分析青铜样品的成分组成及金相显微组织并发现:样品中铅锡青铜器占绝大多数,器物含铅量普遍较高,且大多含少量砷;器物基本都是铸造成形,仅有少量实用工具、农具刃口进行过热锻等加工处理,以提高使用性能。结果反映了当时工匠对铸造合金配比和加工工艺的认知和技术水平,也体现了吴越地区独特的青铜技术体系与文化,能够为南方史前及先秦文化的发展脉络提供更多可供探讨的资料。  相似文献   
104.
西周时期墓葬中有机质的葬具通常保存情况极为不佳,考古学信息不甚明确,因而墓葬研究中往往无法充分利用此类材料,但此类材料具有潜在的考古学研究价值。本研究以2017年度周原遗址齐镇发掘区墓葬内所出严重降解的织物为材料,利用显微技术观察残余的表皮细胞和植硅体形态,鉴定结果表明墓葬内所出织物为芦苇(Phragmites communis),符合先秦文献中对殓席的记载,主要根据《士丧礼》和《既夕礼》两篇内容,梳理了芦苇编织物在丧葬过程中的用法和可能的出土位置,以此进一步判断出土苇席的性质主要为卧席和抗席。  相似文献   
105.
    
Historians have recently turned their attention to the place of masculinity in the politics of early-modern England. This essay widens that exploration to include the imperial settings of Ireland and North America. Drawing upon a range of English- and Irish-language sources – including political treatises, maps, state papers and court poetry – it contends that manhood, as a relational value between men, helped structure the form and character of politics in the metropole, the kingdom of Ireland and the American colonies. In all of those settings, the definition of acceptable male behaviour was different, the effect being that political action and theory in each place took on unique features. Consequently, the essay cautions against studying England and its colonies as distinct units of historical analysis and calls for further exploration of the particularities of colonial settings and their influence on the imperial centre. Moreover, the essay aims to demonstrate that masculinity, particularly contest over its proper expression, is an agent in historical change, in this case helping to shape political theory and practice as England developed into a multiple monarchy and budding imperial power in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.  相似文献   
106.
    
In multi‐ethnic Malaysia, the Malays are the politically dominant group, although they lag behind the Chinese and Indians in terms of the average income. Their dominant position explains why the question of Malay identity is an issue of national importance. This paper argues that the meaning of being Malay has gradually been changed, stressing Islamic religion more than language and customs. It implies that the Malays are more conscious of being part of the ummah, the worldwide Islamic community, and that Indonesians are increasingly seen as foreign Islamic nationals, just as Bangladeshi and Moro‐Filipinos, and not so much as Malay co‐ethnics. Being part of the ummah, however, does not mean that the national borders are open for co‐believers. In fact, Malaysian public opinion and policies concerning immigration has undergone a shift in emphasis and rhetoric. During the first decades after Independence, the government at the time welcomed Indonesian immigrants, who were considered as strengthening the position of the Malay. This led to a relatively unrestricted policy towards Indonesian immigration. However, due to massive clandestine immigration, intensifying popular dissent towards immigrant labour, the Asian economic crisis of 1997/98, and the less privileged position of the Indonesians in terms of identity identification, public discourse has changed. The Government now stresses nationality or Malaysianess in its migration policy. Fuelled by economic pressures, rising xenophobia and the stigmatisation of immigrants, Malaysia’s policy now emphasises nationality in its official rhetoric, translating it into a greater assertion of the sovereign nation‐state and national borders.  相似文献   
107.
Sean Robertson 《对极》2014,46(3):773-793
The Arrow Lakes Band was the only form of legal recognition ever made available to the Sinixt nation by Canada before they were declared extinct. The Oatscott reserve and the state were cartographies that both summoned and willed away the Sinixt. I attempt a “politics of witnessing” of recent Sinixt activities as they push back against these colonial enframings and displacements. I then contextualize biopower within settler society to chart the production of the state through a cultural economy of racialization and erasure, and through a clearing of the land based on more explicit imaginative geographies. The declaration of the extinction of the Sinixt illustrates Indian reserves less as a disciplinary and more a sovereign technology. And yet it is quintessentially modern owing to the absence of instrumental violence. Finally, the limitations of witnessing and the space Indigenous peoples make for alliances are examined.  相似文献   
108.
    
This article suggests a new interpretation of the state formation process in Early Modern Sweden, focusing on three dimensions: The organization of the state as a way to use limited resources in a rational way, the legitimation of rulers in terms of beliefs and values current in society, and the participation of the subjects in state activities. Our model focuses on institutional change as a result of the intensity of interaction between rulers and subjects. Based on our own research, claims are made for new understanding of state formation in Europe that allows more room for political action from below.  相似文献   
109.
    
The Eumeralla and Wonthaggi formations (Otway and Strzelecki groups, respectively: late Hauterivian to Albian) of Victoria, Australia, have yielded diverse dinosaur faunas. Here we report a set of unassociated isolated specimens from these units including teeth, dorsal vertebrae, ribs and osteoderms of an indeterminate ankylosaurian dinosaur.  相似文献   
110.
    
Norbert Elias's The Civilizing Process, which was published in German in 1939 and first translated into English in two volumes in 1978 and 1982, is now widely regarded as one of the great works of twentieth‐century sociology. This work attempted to explain how Europeans came to think of themselves as more “civilized” than their forebears and neighboring societies. By analyzing books about manners that had been published between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, Elias observed changing conceptions of shame and embarrassment with respect to, among other things, bodily propriety and violence. To explain those developments, Elias examined the interplay among the rise of state monopolies of power, increasing levels of economic interconnectedness among people, and pressures to become attuned to others over greater distances that led to advances in identifying with others in the same society irrespective of social origins. Elias's analysis of the civilizing process was not confined, however, to explaining changing social bonds within separate societies. The investigation also focused on the division of Europe into sovereign states that were embroiled in struggles for power and security. This article provides an overview and analysis of Elias's principal claims in the light of growing interest in this seminal work in sociology. The analysis shows how Elias defended higher levels of synthesis in the social sciences to explain relations between “domestic” and “international” developments, and changes in social structure and in the emotional lives of modern people. Elias's investigation, which explained long‐term processes of development over several centuries, pointed to the limitations of inquiries that concentrate on short‐term intervals. Only by placing short‐term trends in long‐term perspective could sociologists understand contemporary developments. This article maintains that Elias's analysis of the civilizing process remains an exemplary study of long‐term developments in Western societies over the last five centuries.  相似文献   
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