甘肃新石器时代与青铜代陶器研究的内容和科学意义

综述了现代分析测试方法和数学方法在古代陶器成分分析、年代测定、制作工艺、产地判断、形态分析方面的应用以及甘肃新石器与青铜时代陶器研究的意义。     

Chemical characterization of majolica from 14th–18th century production centers on the Iberian Peninsula: a preliminary neutron activation study

Majolica pottery is one of the most characteristic tableware produced during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Majolica technology was introduced to the Iberian Peninsula by Islamic artisans during Medieval times, and its production and popularity rapidly spread throughout Spain and eventually to other locations in Europe and the Americas. The prestige and importance of Spanish majolica was very high. Consequently, this ware was imported profusely to the Americas during the Spanish Colonial period. Nowadays, Majolica pottery serves as an important horizon marker at Spanish colonial sites. A preliminary study of Spanish-produced majolica was conducted on a set of 246 samples from the 12 primary majolica production centers on the Iberian Peninsula. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA), and the resulting data were interpreted using an array of multivariate statistical procedures. Our results show a clear discrimination between different production centers. In some cases, our data allow one to distinguish amongst shards coming from the same production location suggesting different workshops or group of workshops were responsible for production of this pre-industrial pottery.     

试论克孜尔石窟出土陶祖为摩尼教艺术品

摩尼教作为一个公元3世纪后流行东西方的世界性宗教,其神学体系中有关性观念的描述,在世界古代几大宗教中独树一帜。但以往人们对此的认识都是在摩尼教文献中寻章摘句,很难见到形象化的具体实     

Painting as Agency,Style as Structure: Innovations in Mimbres Pottery Designs From Southwest New Mexico

The act of painting a design is a form of agency, and the overall style of that design in part can be conceptualized as a kind of structure. This perspective is used as a basis for analyzing chronological changes in designs on Mimbres Black-on-white pottery (ca. AD 750–1150) from Southwest New Mexico. Specific focus is on a methodology that can be used to detect innovations, that is, the introduction of novel designs that are incorporated into the design corpus and thus transform the structure. The conceptualization of a particular tradition (in this instance, pottery painting) as a form of structure analogous to general structure in Giddens' sense thus provides important insights into the recursive relationship between agency and structure.     

陶寺遗址出土泥质陶器的中子活化分析与研究

本文采用中子活化分析技术对陶寺遗址出土的74件泥质陶器样品进行了分析研究,结果显示出土于遗址不同功能区的泥质陶器在原材料的使用或制作工艺上存在差异性,这或许表明了不同阶层的人所使用的泥质陶器也是有差别的,已经有了贫富贵贱之分。     

焦作马村汉墓和白庄汉墓出土彩绘陶仓楼的科技分析

河南省焦作马村汉墓和白庄汉墓出土彩绘陶仓楼数量众多,类型丰富。为了科学保护修复彩绘陶仓楼,通过X射线衍射仪,X射线荧光分析仪,岩相分析,热膨胀测试等技术手段对这批彩绘陶仓楼进行了深入分析。研究发现,这批陶器为当地取土烧制的加砂陶,陶片结构较密实,器物制作以模为主,部分是模制后粘贴而成,吸水率和表气孔率较高,烧成温度和岩相分析发现陶片有釉化现象。研究成果可为后续保护修复处理彩绘彩绘陶仓楼提供参考和借鉴。     

Influence of porosity on lipid preservation in the wall of archaeological pottery

Porosity of archaeological pottery is a key parameter used to assess its ability to trap lipids during the use of the pot and to preserve them over time. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and gas chromatography were used to study the distribution of porosity and the preservation of lipids in different chrono‐cultural contexts. The data obtained show that the porosity pattern, related to the raw materials and the savoir‐faire of the potters, influences the amount of lipids accumulated in the pottery. A significant overall porosity together with a high level of small pores is generally favourable for the preservation of lipids, but variations related to the environmental context are observed.     

国外早期陶器的发现与研究

关于世界最早阶段陶器的探索一直是国际学术界关注的重要课题之一。据现有的考古发掘资料,在亚洲的日本、俄罗斯远东地区以及西亚、北非等地区都发现有早期陶器遗存。这些陶器都具有器类单一、器形简单、火候较低、胎土中夹有羼杂物等特征,表现出早期陶器原始性的一面,但又各有特点,说明在陶器起源阶段,世界各地的经济形态及其发展水平并不一致。     

Dark Age Traffic on the Bristol Channel, UK: A Hypothesis

Exotic pottery from the eastern Mediterranean and southern Gaul in the late 5th to 7th centuries is recognized as the characteristic find from Dark Age sites in Ireland and western Britain. But there is no consensus on the mechanisms by which they arrived. Interpretations range from diplomatic gifts through souvenirs to commerce. This attempt to resolve the issue is based on sites around the Bristol Channel. The quantities of pottery and numbers of sites are used to generate a rough estimate of the number of ships carrying the pottery to the area. It is argued that the estimated volume represents commercial trade.
© 2007 The Author     

巩义涉村唐墓发掘简报

郑州市文物考古研究院在巩义涉村镇发掘一座唐墓,这座唐墓出土器物以三彩器居多,其中镇墓兽、武士俑等形体高大,对研究盛唐时期郑州地区的唐墓有一定帮助.