Navigating the binaries of island independence and dependence in Greenland: Decolonisation,political culture,and strategic services

Over the past decades, islands and archipelagos undergoing decolonisation have opted not to pursue independence. Many have instead become autonomous subnational island jurisdictions (SNIJs), maintaining links with their former colonisers in order to gain economic, social, and political benefits. The age of island independence movements has largely ceased. One exception is Greenland, an SNIJ in which the public overwhelmingly favours independence from Denmark. This desire for independence is linked to a binary understanding of Greenlandic identity and Danish identity as well as a binary understanding of independence and dependence. Greenland's colonial experience has trapped it in a Denmark-oriented conceptualisation of Greenlandic identity, which prevents the pursuit of potential political and economic futures, for example gaining economic benefits through the provision of strategic services to a patron state. This study demonstrates how island status and centre-periphery relations can influence political culture and, by considering the exceptional case of a present-day island independence movement, sheds light on the dynamics of island-mainland relations more generally.     

Rethinking Easter Island's ecological catastrophe

Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has become a paragon for prehistoric human induced ecological catastrophe and cultural collapse. A popular narrative recounts an obsession for monumental statuary that led to the island's ecological devastation and the collapse of the ancient civilization. Scholars offer this story as a parable of today's global environmental problems. In this paper, I review new and emerging Rapa Nui evidence, compare ecological and recently acquired palaeo-environmental data from the Hawaiian and other Pacific Islands, and offer some perspectives for the island's prehistoric ecological transformation and its consequences. The evidence points to a complex historical ecology for the island; one best explained by a synergy of impacts, particularly the devastating effects of introduced rats (Rattus exulans). This perspective questions the simplistic notion of reckless over-exploitation by prehistoric Polynesians and points to the need for additional research.     

上海崇明岛农业旅游客源市场特征及未来入岛游客量预测研究

本文以崇明岛农业旅游主要服务市场——上海都市客源市场为研究对象,通过广泛的社会问卷调查,对目前该市场的入岛游客构成和游客对岛内旅游环境的评价,游客旅游动机、旅游行为和旅游偏好,游客对岛内旅游信息的掌握和对岛内旅游障碍因素的认识等进行了统计分析。在此基础上,根据各主要旅游障碍因素的影响权重,对未来的入岛游客量进行了“障碍因素消除后”的预测。     

从古代中日两国的交流看宗像·冲之岛的祭祀遗址

在日本冲之岛发现23个祭祀遗址,可分岩上、岩阴、半岩阴半露天、露天4类型,年代约为4世纪中叶至9世纪后期。祭祀由当时日本的中央政权主持,当地豪族宗像氏参与,目的在于向统管此海域的女神祈求航海的平安。古代日本与中国交往频繁,这在冲之岛祭祀遗址出土的许多供品上都有反映。     

Ancient DNA typing of archaeological pig remains corroborates historical records

The recent increase in both the abundance and taxonomic range of DNA sequence data in public repositories makes it possible to determine the maternal origin of lineages of faunal archaeological material by characterizing its mitochondrial DNA. Among the most commonly represented taxa are domesticated animals, for which extensive genetic characterization has revealed high levels of genetic diversity and (in at least some cases) strong phylogeographic clustering. Such information has significant implications not only for characterizing important aspects of the occupation history of archaeological sites, but also in providing novel insights into colonisation history and the scale and scope of trade and exchange networks. This can be done through studying the origins and dispersal of proxy organisms such as commensal and domesticated animals, as well as economically important wild fauna. To illustrate this approach, we compare historical records of maritime movement of people and pigs from two sites on Lord Howe Island, Australia, to phylogeographic results of DNA extracted from pig bones.     

崇明岛生态游憩区开发及产品设计

随着都市生活环境的恶化、交通运输的改善以及闲暇时间的增多,人们对都市的游憩需求发展迅速。基于对游憩和生态旅游概念及内涵的理解,本文对都市生态游憩进行了界定,探讨了崇明岛建设生态游憩区应遵循的原则,并对崇明岛生态游憩开发及产品设计进行了研究。     

生态文明导向的旅游发展方式转型——基于崇明岛案例

生态文明是人类文明发展的高端形态。生态文明导向的旅游发展方式转型,实质是旅游科学发展方式的实践建构和理论探索。传统旅游发展方式注重景观资源、资本要素的投入,忽视人本关怀。旅游业作为＂国民经济战略性支柱产业与人民更加满意的服务业＂的＂国计民生＂高端定位,为旅游发展方式转型提出了明确的方向。新旅游发展方式,是一种呵护自然生态、彰显人本关怀、坚守公平正义、凸显科学与伦理的文明发展方式。为此,本文基于长江口的崇明岛案例,探讨了旅游发展方式转型的低碳化模式,提出了生态旅游质量提升的一般理论模式。     

Environmental Relations and Biophysical Transition: The Case of Trinket Island

ABSTRACT To what extent is an island economy cut off from the rest of the world? Defined as a mass of land bounded by water, island societies connect and exchange with their surroundings rather intensely. Based on empirical research, this paper explores the role of a ‘remote’ island society on Trinket in generating or sheltering itself from the process of globalisation in which con‐textually given borders are transgressed and displaced. To this end, we apply the concepts of societal metabolism and colonising natural processes operationalised by Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA), and Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) respectively. Using these biophysical indicators, we describe the transition from a metabolism based upon the natural environment to metabolism based on exchange with other societies. Data presented in this paper further reveal a process of industrialisation and integration into the global market of a so‐called ‘closed’ and ‘inaccessible’ island society.     

Humans,climate or introduced rats – which is to blame for the woodland destruction on prehistoric Rapa Nui (Easter Island)?

When the first Polynesian settlers arrived on Rapa Nui, about 70% of the island was covered with dense woodland in which Jubaea palms dominated. Our investigations of extended soil profiles provide evidence that more than 16 million palm trees grew on the island. Nearly all palms were removed by the 16th century. Teeth marks on nutshells of the Jubaea palms from the 13th or 14th centuries attest to the activity of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) on Rapa Nui, which were probably imported there by the first Polynesians settlers. Did the rats perhaps prevent the germination of palm seeds and thus the regeneration of the dense palm woodland of Rapa Nui?     

The Search for A,otonatendïe

Abstract

Equivocal clues in the Jesuit Relations and the few other historical documents relating to A,otonatendie, an important, but short-lived, mid-17th-century, inter-tribal, anti-Iroquois coalition beyond “the Great Lake of the Hurons,” are now supplemented by archaeological evidence at Rock Island at the mouth of Green Bay in Door County, Wisconsin, suggesting a positive resolution to uncertainty about its location.