Painted plaster from Bronze Age Thebes, Boeotia (Greece): a technological study

From the rather difficult excavations that have taken place in Thebes since the beginning of the last century, many fragmentary but often well-preserved paintings on plaster have been unearthed. These belong to several contexts and periods: House of Kadmos (Late Helladic IIIA), Treasury Room (Late Helladic IIIB1) and Oikopedon Spourli (Late Helladic III). Their iconography, style and technology fit well with other paintings from the Late Bronze Age sites found in the vicinity of Thebes (e.g. Gla and Orchomenos). This paper presents a technological study of the Bronze Age painted plaster from Thebes, Greece. The paintings were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction; stereo, reflected light and scanning electron microscopy; some by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry and by micro-Raman spectroscopy, in order to identify the pigments and the composition of the plaster layers, and to determine the painting technique(s) that the artisans may have employed. The plaster layer onto which the paint layer was applied was often the only layer and consisted mainly of calcite, while a clay plaster formed the backing between the lime plaster coat and the actual wall surface. The pigments identified were: yellow ochre, haematite (red), cuprorivaite (Egyptian blue), indigo and possibly riebeckite for blue, charcoal (black), calcite (white), and a combination of black and red for purple. A detailed macroscopic study of the painted surface revealed several features, which indicated that the technique of al fresco painting was employed extensively, a technique already in use since the start of the Late Minoan I phase on Crete. A generally lower level of quality in the appearance of the later paintings (Treasury Room and Oikopedon Spourli) was also noted, but this was not reflected in the materials used or in their overall manipulation.     

从科学发展观的视角看公民的政治参与

公民政治参与是民主政治建设的重要内容,是民主行政的表现形式,是维护社会稳定、构建社会主义和谐社会的必然选择。因此,学习贯彻科学发展观,要在完善现有的公民政治参与渠道的同时,积极拓宽新的公民政治参与渠道。     

落实科学发展观与提升党校期刊影响力

以科学发展观为指导,不断提升刊物的社会影响力,是党校期刊适应新世纪新阶段党校工作新要求的必然选择。因此,必须明确认识当今期刊发展的趋势,树立创新的办刊理念;必须注重党校期刊的选题定位,着力彰显刊物的特色;必须不断开发自身的办刊资源,切实提升党校期刊的社会影响。     

科学发展观的人学思想研究综述

党的十六届三中全会以来,尤其是有关科学发展观和人学理论的几个全国性学术研讨会召开之后,科学发展观的以人为本思想得到较为深入、全面、系统的研究。在此过程中,学术界对其形成的哲学基础、内容、特点和意义,尤其是对以人为本的本质内涵和价值理念等诸方面不乏深刻见解,但也有不少需要继续深入研究之处。     

用科学发展观统领社会主义和谐社会建设

用科学发展观统领社会主义和谐社会建设,是发展中国特色社会主义的题中应有之义。要实现科学发展与和谐社会的良性互动及内在统一,必须把以人为本作为社会主义和谐社会建设的根本要求,把促进发展作为社会主义和谐社会建设的根本任务,把统筹兼顾作为社会主义和谐社会建设的根本方法,把公平正义作为社会主义和谐社会建设的根本保障。     

科学发展观视野中的生产力范畴

传统的生产力概念把生产力定位于人们改造和征服自然的能力,对此应当给予新的思考和阐述。在科学发展观的视野里,生产力范畴不只是人类征服、改造自然的能力,还应包括人类保护、建设自然的能力;生态环境应该是生产力结构中的基本要素之一;生态建设应成为衡量生产力发展水平的一个重要标志。     

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES,BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS: SCHOLARLY ACHIEVEMENTS OF A PROSPEROUS LONG‐TERM COLLABORATION

The laboratory is part of a university institute with a nuclear reactor on the premises. NAA of archaeological materials started in the early 1980s, and has found continuous interest since then. Site‐specific characteristics of the NAA procedure are the long irradiation and counting times, due to the relatively low neutron flux, the single comparator method of standardization and the use of reference materials for quality control. The main research interest focuses on provenance studies of potteries; 90% of the analysed samples are ceramic materials. Most of the projects concentrate on the investigation of pottery finds from Roman Pannonia, and from different archaeological sites in Israel. The Qumran pottery project is presented as a typical example.     

《四库全书总目》的小说观及其原因探析

《四库全书总目》(以下简称《总目》)作为体现清代官方文化思想的大型丛书,在“小说家类”的提要编撰中集中反映了清人传统的小说观。清人小说观的形成有着多方面的原因,作为清代官方丛书,《总目》对小说观有着一定的历史贡献。     

Investigation of the Seismic Behavior of a Historical Masonry Minaret Considering the Interaction with Surrounding Structures

This study examines the seismic behavior of the minaret of the well-known historical structure “Sultan Ahmed Mosque” under strong earthquake motion. Despite their slenderness and height, minarets are towers with well-established earthquake resistance. In general, these structures were constructed adjacent to the main structure and/or its components. Hence, it is expected that the dynamic behavior of the minarets is influenced by the dynamic characteristics of the adjacent structures as well as the contact conditions. In the presented study, the dynamic behavior of the M6 minaret of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, which is in contact with the portico that surrounds the courtyard of the mosque, is considered. Ambient vibration tests were conducted on site in order to identify the individual and coupled vibration modes of the minaret and the portico. A finite/discrete model was developed and seismic analysis was carried out. The comparative study reveals considerable differences in responses of different models under strong and very strong earthquake motion.     

Effects of Soil Characterization on the Seismic Input

This paper is aimed at determining the effects of the soil characterization on the seismic input to use for seismic assessment. Three different soil profiles have been assembled to represent the stratigraphies found through a proper experimental investigation, carefully described, and alternative seismic site response analyses have been performed. The surface spectra obtained from the seismic site response analysis (SRA) are very different from each other, thus evidencing the importance of carefully describing soil stratigraphy. Furthermore, the comparison among the surface records found for different return periods has shown a limited sensitivity of the SRA to the seismic intensity.