常州博物馆藏龙泉窑瓷器研究

常州博物馆典藏的龙泉窑青瓷器,基本反映出龙泉窑从初创到兴盛、发展、衰弱直至终止的全部过程,是研究龙泉窑工艺成就的珍贵资料。     

Who Said, “Confucius Composed the Chunqiu”? ——The Genealogy of the “Chunqiu” Canon in the Pre-Han and Han Periods

It is often said that “Confucius composed the Chunqiu 春秋 (The Spring and Autumn Annals) to convey the way of the king.” Scholars have long noticed that before the founding of and during the Han Dynasty the phrase that served as the title of the allegedly Confucian work, “Chunqiu,” was also often used to designate history in general. In what intellectual and textual contexts did the term evolve from something general into a specific concept associated with Confucius? What works or ideas did pre-Han and Han scholars have in mind when discussing Confucius’s Chunqiu and the broader “Chunqiu” canon?1 Exploring these questions, the study that follows begins by systematically documenting the occurrences of this term in pre-Han and Han texts. It demonstrates that while Mencius was the first person to associate Confucius’s teachings with the Chunqiu, his statement was a solitary and surprising voice in the pre-Han era. Not until the Western Han Dynasty was Confucius widely heralded as the creator of the Chunqiu. But few scholars are aware that Western Han scholars never strictly distinguished the laconic Chunqiu from the detailed historical knowledge preserved in the Gongyang 公羊, Guliang 谷梁, and Zuo 左 commentaries. Furthermore, as the Chunqiu gained canonical status, the phrase still served as a generic term, referring to various historical narratives. Zhang Xuecheng 章学诚 is famous for claiming that “The Six Classics are all history,” and I shall show that in the minds of the people of the Han Dynasty, all historical works were classics.     

宋代官窑的几个问题

宋代官窑是长期以来学术界研究的热门问题,尽管许多方面都取得了一定的进展,但仍有不少问题尚未最终解决,如:北宋朝廷为什么命令汝州烧造青瓷?北宋朝廷亲自设窑的地点在何处?汝州张公巷窑是不是汝州新窑,即狭义的北宋官窑?南宋余姚官窑的地位以及与内窑等窑口的关系如何?乌泥窑位于何方?等等。本文对这些问题进行了较深入的探索,提出了一些具有学术价值的新观点。     

汉代砖瓦窑的建造使用及数值模拟

春秋战国以来砖瓦窑业趋于繁荣成熟,建筑材料需求量的增多促使出现了大量砖瓦窑,汉代是砖瓦窑结构趋于成熟和稳定的重要时期,因此研究汉代砖瓦窑的功能结构变化关系对揭示中国古代窑炉结构的发展脉络具有重要的意义。本研究在前人对汉代砖瓦窑的结构变化研究基础上,使用计算流体软件FLUENT模拟砖瓦窑内流场和温度场,以河南省焦作市苏蔺村汉代窑址Y6和洛阳东周王城十一号窑为例分别进行数值模拟,从流体力学和热力学的角度分析汉代砖瓦窑内烟气的流动情况。结果表明多烟道窑较单烟道窑更具保温的优势,解释了汉代砖瓦窑结构变化的逻辑。     

汝窑、耀州窑“天青釉”的色度对比分析

天青釉是中国古代珍贵的单色釉品种,一般认为其始于传说中的柴窑,而最早的天青釉实物则显现于汝窑。于是,有学者认为天青釉唯柴窑、汝窑所特有。然而近年来,又有学者指出天青釉实非柴窑与汝窑的“专利”,最早的天青釉应发轫于五代时期的耀州窑。本研究将五代二期的耀州窑与汝窑所谓的“天青釉”进行分类,再测定它们的色度,确定“天青釉”的色度数值和相应的天青釉样品,进而明确天青釉的窑口及其起源时间。