Diplomatic relations through wartime alliance: the Republic of China's relations with Canada

Relations between China and Canada began 150 years ago with the arrival of Chinese immigrants in British Columbia. However, formal diplomatic relations were not established until 1942, when Canada and the Republic of China (ROC) became wartime allies in their common fight against the Axis powers. The Canadian government soon passed a China aid program and earmarked 52 million Canadian dollars in war materials for China. This aid program was not favored by either the United States or Great Britain, but was unilaterally adopted by the wartime Canadian government. However, shipments of war materials destined for unoccupied China were blocked by geographic barriers and could not reach their destination. Canada's China aid program continued during the immediate post‐war years. The main motivation was economic: to get rid of Canada's surplus war materials and to develop bilateral trade relations. The aid program came to a halt in late 1948 only when China's political development made the Canadian government change its China policy. Afterward, Canada's diplomatic relations with ROC were stringently maintained until the Canadian government granted diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China in 1970. This article is a brief survey of the Canada–ROC relations during those years.     

Children and the public realm: antecedents and consequences of independent mobility in a group of 11–13-year-old Italian children

Access to several play environments, as well as exploration of public spaces and socialization with peers, is crucial for children's development. Western children are often deprived of these opportunities and independent mobility is constantly decreasing. In the present study, we aimed to test an integrative model of the antecedents and consequences of independent mobility and to preliminarily explore the relationship between parenting styles and independent mobility in a group of 589 Italian children. We expected and found that being female and being younger predicted less independent mobility. In turn, we found that lower independent mobility predicted greater feelings of loneliness through the mediation of a weaker sense of community, a lower sense of safety and less frequent social activities with friends. Moreover, we found that independent mobility changed according to different configurations of parenting styles.     

略论民国时期对内蒙古开发道路的认识与认定

民国时期关于内蒙古的开发道路 ,存在“农垦实边”、“林牧兴边”、“农牧并重”三重认识分野 ,内含了巩固边防、内地问题、边省利益、经济增长、民族关系、生态平衡等六种目标取向。受边疆危机、内地灾荒等现实问题的困扰 ,关乎长远的林牧一途无由践行 ,内蒙古未能越出以农为主的误区。     

广东肇庆市康乐中路七号汉墓发掘简报

2004年11月,广东省文物考古研究所在肇庆市康乐中路清理出墓葬、水井、灰坑等遗迹。3座汉墓中M7为长方形土坑竖穴墓,墓底中部有长方形生土棺床,这为广东目前发现的汉墓中所少见。该墓出土遗物较丰富,有釉陶器、陶器、铜器及滑石器等。据出土器物特征和组合及墓葬形制,M7的年代大致定为东汉初期。     

河南博爱县青天河峡谷新发现北魏摩崖观世音像

本文对青天河峡谷新发现的北魏摩崖观世音的形象、造像背景及其与龙门石窟的关系等进行分析, 并涉及北魏时期的末法思想和刻经活动。此外对于造像题记中提到的“丹道”这一新材料发表了个人的看法。     

川陕古道两“韩溪”考辨

梳理和考辨入蜀古道“金牛道”上和“米仓道”上的两个以“萧何追韩信至此”而得名的“韩溪”,论证“米仓道”上的“韩溪”得名于萧韩故事更接近史实。     

陈仓古道考

作为一个地理实体,陈仓古道实指汉中关中间秦岭山区的一条谷道。据说这条谷道曾是秦汉之际刘邦北定三秦、韩信"明修栈道、暗度陈仓"之路。但此说源于宋代平话、元代杂剧,于史无徵,并非事实。而陈仓古道之名却由元代而历明清,流传至今。考校这条谷道被开辟利用的时间,则既非早在秦汉,亦非晚至宋元。当在唐宋褒斜道(亦即元明清连云栈道)出现之后。唐末五代的"桑林路"可能就是它的前身。     

女性旅游安全研究进展与启示

随着女性旅游市场的发展,女性旅游者安全问题日益明显。但目前针对这方面的研究还很有限,从世界范围看,世界各国和地区的女性旅游研究普遍存在着理论创新落后于现实发展的状况,女性旅游安全研究更是如此;从国内看,我国关于女性旅游安全研究几近空白,然而相关媒体对女性旅游安全事故的报道却屡见报端;从国外研究现状看,目前针对女性旅游安全研究的文章主要集中在旅游安全感知、风险认知、女性性旅游中的不安全行为、孕妇旅游安全的保障和风险等角度。因此,总体来讲,国内外学者对女性旅游安全研究尚处于初级阶段,研究深度和广度有待扩展和加强。
本文在搜集国内外相关资料的基础上,对近20多年来的研究成果进行了梳理、归类和总结,从女性旅游者的心理不安全感、不安全旅游行为、安全事故、安全预防四个方面对相关文献进行了分析、研究和评述,并针对目前的研究现状对女性旅游安全研究的趋势和必要性进行了预测和分析,旨在进一步丰富旅游安全的理论内容,并为女性旅游安全问题的后续研究提供建议和参考。     

Accident Investigations: a comparative perspective on societal safety in Norway and Sweden, 1970–2010

The topic for the article is the growing awareness of risk and safety in Norway and Sweden during the last decades of the 20th century, and how the two Scandinavian states have organized investigations of accidents. In many western states accident investigations have moved from sector specific boards to permanent multi-modal commissions. This has also been the case in the two Scandinavian states. But this comparative study reveals different paths and varying speed towards a ‘safety culture’. The Swedish Accident Investigation Board was established in 1990, while its Norwegian opposite partner was established in 2008. Common for the two countries is that reorganization of investigation boards has taken place as political actions after major accidents, rather than as a consequence of risk assessments.