Placebo: no longer a phantom response

Abstract

Recent clinical studies have revealed several neural pathways that are activated during the response of patients to a placebo. This lends credence to the view that placebos have a genuine role to play in clinical medicine. It is proposed that mechanisms similar to those that cause a placebo response may underlie the beneficial effects of religious belief and other neural stimuli.     

Language,geography and identity: The case of the Welsh in London

This paper explores the role of language in the construction of Welsh identities in London. It begins by mapping out some key theoretical connections between language, geography and identity, and argues that a reading of diaspora theory might be helpful in conceptualizing Welsh identities in the British capital. In particular, diaspora theory stresses that identities are made up of multiple social axes that need to be seen relationally. Diasporic identities make connections with more than one place challenging the notion of culture and language as delimited by the boundaries of particular national spaces. For many Welsh people in London, language is an important part of their attempts to meet others who share a common identity. London-Welsh societies facilitate this need, defining language in different ways, and interweaving the linguistic with other social axes to form powerful senses of belonging. Whilst London is a key migration destination, it is also a space of Welsh identities that draw centrally upon language, but make different geographical connections with Wales. The paper concludes by arguing that a diasporic reading of such processes allows a wider and more progressive understanding of the Welsh language, and highlights the importance of geography in doing so.     

Major and Minor Turkic Language Islands in Iran with a Special Focus on Khalaj

This contribution offers a presentation of Turkic languages in Iran with special focus on Khalaj, a non-Oghuzic language spoken in the Markazī province. Attention is paid to features induced by contact with Iranian languages in particular with regard to the anaphoric pronominal stem bilä-, necessity constructions and the multifunctionality of ki/ke, providing new data on Khalaj and offering significant insights for further research.     

Patterns of Participation and Representation in a Regional Water Collaboration

Regional collaboration has become a popular means to manage shared resources and address cross-jurisdictional boundary issues. The question of who participates in the process, who directly affects decisions, and who benefits from those decisions is critical for understanding the broader value created by regional collaborations. We apply a variety of text mining techniques to meeting minutes to measure how stakeholder participation evolved over nine years of an Integrated Regional Water Management collaboration. We observe that a diverse set of organizations representing differing interests participated to some extent in the process. However, a minority of organizations attended regularly, while most attended sporadically and/or only attended outreach events. Verbs used to describe interaction varied across meeting types, displaying egalitarian patterns of interaction among participants in core leadership meetings and more one-way interaction among attendees of outreach meetings. We then estimate whether participation affects the likelihood of receiving funding through the IRWM program. Participants who attended the core group meetings most regularly were most likely to receive funding for their projects, suggesting that uneven patterns of participation matter for the substantive value created by the collaboration.     

试析新一代中青年骨干教职人员的成长规律与培养路径

宗教界中青年教职人员队伍中的骨干是宗教界代表人士的后备力量,在其成长过程中由于受主客观因素的作用,显现出一些共性特征,且具有共性规律可循。努力掌握和运用这一规律,并正确选择培养中青年骨干教职人员的有效路径,对于我国宗教界发展的未来具有重要的现实意义。     

魏晋南北朝文体理论之特色

魏晋南北朝时期的体理论在强调体语言风格之外,更加突出思想内容、体本质和语言风格的和谐统一的美学要求。     

Cutmarks and hominid handedness

Handedness in humans has been linked to brain lateralization and the evolution of language, but recent data on chimpanzee tool use suggest that the lateralization of hand and brain function may have instead preceded the time when the hominid and panid lineages split. The hominid paleontological and archaeological records are two sources for testing this hypothesis by helping to establish the antiquity of hominid handedness. As such, several methods have been proposed for identifying traces of hominid handedness in those records. Included among those methods is using the orientation of stone tool cutmarks on ungulate limb bone fragments. Here we report on an experiment created to test the accuracy and efficacy of one such method proposed by Bromage and his colleagues [Bromage, T.G., Boyde, A., 1984. Microscopic criteria for the determination of directionality of cutmarks on bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 65, 359–366; Bromage, T.G., Bermudez de Castro, J.M., Jalvo, Y.F., 1991. The SEM in taphonomic research and its application to studies of cutmarks generally and the determination of handedness specifically. Anthropologie 29, 163–169]. Our data indicate that the methodology proposed by Bromage and colleagues can yield accurate results in an experimental setting. However, considering the complexity of uncontrolled (i.e., non-experimental) human butchery, we question the method's efficacy for investigating the antiquity of human handedness as potentially recorded in the zooarchaeological record. Our results highlight the limitations of current approaches, but it is hoped that they will also stimulate new, more productive techniques that use the archaeological record to discern the development of human handedness and its evolutionary significance.     

千手观音造像修复试验区法器的造型研究

法器作为千手观音形象的重要组成部分,有着相对固定的题材和形象,法器的造型研究对千手观音造像的修复有着重要的意义.本文概述了千手观音造像的基本形式,以及千手、千眼与法器之间的配置关系,并着重梳理了千手观音造像中法器的造型特征和形象渊源,以2013年修复试验区中的4件法器为案例,对其进行造型特点、着色工艺等方面的分析与研究.     

On the origins of the name for the ‘Black Sea’

The name ‘Black Sea’ is widely attributed to the Anatolian Turks, due to their habit of referring to the South as ‘white’ and North as ‘black’. However, the appellation first appeared in a Hungarian document and later in sources originating further to the North, including Icelandic sagas and other Nordic narratives. The Turks themselves have a small and secondary role in using and spreading the name. Some scholars have suggested that the Cumans, a Turkic people once occupying regions to the North of the Black Sea, are the likely source. However, in medieval times Khazarian traditions seem to have used the term ‘Black Sea’ as well as ‘Great Sea’, though the relationships between the two terms require clarification. This essay seeks to reconcile these two traditions, and offers a conjectural Bulgar source for the Black Sea denomination.