社会语用与经济社会发展刍议

语言是社会文化的一面镜子,它以自身的形态反映着社会的发展变化。而社会语用则反映了一个社会的民众文化素质及其道德修养和精神风貌。伴随当今社会的不断变革,语言面貌也正在发生着重大的变化,表现为语言的表现力较之以往更显生动且丰富多彩,但随之也出现了一些污染和损害语言纯洁性的不良倾向。     

20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼运动探析

新基督教右翼,是指美国宗教,特别是基督教新教中一些积极参与政治事务和社会事务的宗教保守派。20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼组织主要派别有道德多数派、基督教联盟等。美国新基督教右翼势力的主要观点是：在国际问题上,主张强权政治,认为只有通过军事手段才能保证和平;认为以色列国是《新约圣经》启示的体现,美国应全力支持以色列。在意识形态上,坚决反对共产主义。在国内问题上,重视传统家庭价值,反对堕胎合法化,主张教育私有化和地方化;相信美国是一个被上帝“捡选”的国家,认为好政府应建立在《圣经》原则的基础之上。新基督教右翼对当今美国社会各个方面都起着不可忽视的作用。     

先秦诸子语言使用的层次问题

阅读先秦诸子,发现其对语言的态度不尽相同。分析其不同,发现其关注点不同而使用的语言也有不同的层次。明白语言使用的层次性,至少对训诂、阐释、语文教学等有意义。     

Predicaments in the Management of Religious Heritage Buildings and Sites in Nigeria

Perhaps the most challenging heritage management issue since the beginning of the modern conservation movement relates to religious buildings and sites. This paper investigates approaches to the management of religious heritage buildings and sites in Osogbo, a multireligious Nigerian city, through the perspectives of various stakeholders. These stakeholders include the State, and its role in formal legislation and enforcement, the religious authorities as heritage owners and decision-makers, local communities’ understanding of heritage, and expert opinions about the properties. Drawing on physical observations, ethnographic assessment methods and secondary literature, the paper demonstrates how decisions taken by political leaders to construct a secularised national heritage have shaped the community’s cultural heritage perceptions, alienated from religious connotations. This selective use of the past gave heritage owners a free hand in decision-making about conservation, without taking into consideration historic and architectural/artistic values. It has also rendered expert judgment marginal.     

A Georgian Language Island in Iran: Fereydani Georgian

This article describes a dialectal variant of the Georgian language in Iran, Fereydani Georgian, which has survived in Iran for about 400 years. Various relevant aspects of the history and research on Fereydani Georgian are analysed. The choice of topics and sources focuses on previously unknown or, for the English-speaking reader, inaccessible authors. Since 2009, a large part of the linguistic data has been collected in several field studies in Fereydan. They serve as sources and show a revealing perspective on the origin, preservation and existence of the Georgian language island of Fereydani in Iran.     

Embodiment,linguistics, space: American Sign Language meets geography

ABSTRACT

The relational turn in geography has led to an understanding of space and place as actively produced agents in people’s everyday lives. Geographers have also long recognized the importance of language in understanding the social and relational nature of space. The study of American Sign Language (ASL) presents a unique opportunity to examine how language use and language creation influence the production of linguistic space. For users of ASL, space is incredibly significant. Because of the visual and spatial nature of ASL, the space surrounding a signer’s body is important not only for the signer to communicate, but also for others involved in the conversation to participate. Environments created during conversations in ASL reflect the cultural and linguistic perception of the American Deaf community. By taking a critical perspective on the production of space, it will be shown that those who use ASL, through the medium of bodily performance, create linguistic, and communication spaces that are dynamic and visual. The embodied language of ASL and the Deaf community is a perspective geographers have yet to address.     

西周金文语言研究的历史与现状

金文语言文字的研究始于宋代,集中于对金文的著录。清人尤其晚清学者开始注重对铭文文字的考释和研究。民国时期,学者研究的范围和深度进一步扩展。对金文语法进行系统研究,尤其是作为一个语言系统进行研究的,是在解放后特别是1978年以后才开始的,研究方向集中于五个方面：一、金文语法研究。二、词类研究。三、句法与语序研究。四、语法史研究。五、金文字典及文选类书籍。     

Language,geography and identity: The case of the Welsh in London

This paper explores the role of language in the construction of Welsh identities in London. It begins by mapping out some key theoretical connections between language, geography and identity, and argues that a reading of diaspora theory might be helpful in conceptualizing Welsh identities in the British capital. In particular, diaspora theory stresses that identities are made up of multiple social axes that need to be seen relationally. Diasporic identities make connections with more than one place challenging the notion of culture and language as delimited by the boundaries of particular national spaces. For many Welsh people in London, language is an important part of their attempts to meet others who share a common identity. London-Welsh societies facilitate this need, defining language in different ways, and interweaving the linguistic with other social axes to form powerful senses of belonging. Whilst London is a key migration destination, it is also a space of Welsh identities that draw centrally upon language, but make different geographical connections with Wales. The paper concludes by arguing that a diasporic reading of such processes allows a wider and more progressive understanding of the Welsh language, and highlights the importance of geography in doing so.     

新课程下的语文教学初探

实施语文新课程教学,首先要注重培养良好的语文学习习惯。语文能力的发展是跟良好的习惯的养成紧密联系的,学生一旦养盛了良好的习惯,就变被动为主动,变依赖为独立,进入自主学习境界。教师要关注学生的自主探究和合作探究,促使他们自己去获得知识,发展能力,让学生在探究性学习中学有所思,思有所疑,疑有所问。     

Placebo: no longer a phantom response

Abstract

Recent clinical studies have revealed several neural pathways that are activated during the response of patients to a placebo. This lends credence to the view that placebos have a genuine role to play in clinical medicine. It is proposed that mechanisms similar to those that cause a placebo response may underlie the beneficial effects of religious belief and other neural stimuli.