农业历史地理环境变迁与农业地域拓展

农业地理环境是农业生产诸自然条件中影响最大的因素之一。历史过程之中,以地理环境条件为基础,伴随农业生产技术的纵深迈进,农业经济的开发与中心转移呈现出明显的层次性与地域性特征:率先是黄河中下游地区的旱作农区,次为长江流域稻作农区,进而是高寒农区的开发。     

浅论区域创新及其系统的构建

本文重新界定了创新的涵义,讨论了影响创新扩散的因素,并在此基础上构建了区域创新系统,认为区域创新系统是以企业为创新主体,与区域内科研院校、政府部门及中介机构等创新环境要素相互影响、相互作用形成的协同发展的整体。并根据系统运行机制,提出建议,以加强系统的创新能力,促进经济发展。     

邓小平与中英香港问题的谈判

在香港回归历史的过程中,邓小平提出了用“一国两制”的方针解决香港问题。并坚持从香港的实际出发,实事求是,亲自领导了中英关于香港问题的谈判,不仅为香港胜利回归祖国打下了坚实的基础,而且也为当今世界提供了一个用和平方式谈判解决国与国争端的成功范例。     

对青海省中小企业自主创新能力建设的探索

支持和推动青海省中小企业自主创新,提高创新能力是贯彻十七大精神、构建和谐青海、完善青海省创新体系的重要环节,是着眼于青海省未来发展的长远之策。青海省中小企业自主创新能力弱,成为制约青海省经济快速发展的瓶颈,积极研究和出台有利于促进自主创新的相关政策,转变中小企业领导观念,增强创新意识,有助于提高青海省中小企业技术创新能力。     

Defensibility of large prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau

Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis, this paper assesses the defensibility of winter village sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau during the Late Prehistoric Period (ca. 3500–200 B.P.), particularly the Plateau and Kamloops Horizons (ca. 2400–200 B.P.). Although there is variability in prehistoric village locations in terms of defensibility, highly defensible prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region are concentrated in two localities. The high defensive values of these village sites indicate that the threat of intergroup conflict had a significant impact on choice of settlement location. The approach used in this paper demonstrates the importance of past defensive considerations in the decision making processes pertaining to settlement locations. As conflict is a common feature of many cultures and time periods throughout the world, this approach has potential applications to other defensive sites globally.     

高素质的干部队伍是党的事业取得胜利的保证

党领导的事业要取得胜利,不但要有正确的理论和路线,还必须有一支能够坚决贯彻执行党的理论和路线的高素质的干部队伍。党的创新理论既为建设中国特色社会主义开辟了新的发展境界,也对干部的思想观念、能力素质、精神状态、人品官德和领导作风提出了更高的标准和要求。     

Refining the definition of cultural levels at Karabi Tamchin: a quantitative approach to vertical intra-site spatial analysis

The visual identification of archaeological levels can be difficult when stratigraphy is complex. This study emphasizes the importance of three-dimensional intra-site spatial analysis as a means of testing the integrity of archaeological levels, including the identification of palimpsest deposits. A geographical information system (GIS) is applied to a three-dimensional spatial analysis of lithic and bone distributions from Karabi Tamchin, a Middle Palaeolithic site from the Crimea, Ukraine. K-means statistical clustering is combined with a series of data transformations to identify and interpret the vertical and horizontal spatial organization of the site. The results indicate that K-means cluster analysis, used in conjunction with GIS, provides an exceptional method of identifying discrete clusters of archaeological materials in three dimensions. Through an analysis of cluster contents within levels, it is possible to reconstruct and compare patterns of spatial organization at Karabi Tamchin, contributing to current debates regarding the cognitive complexity of Neanderthal populations.     

An island-wide assessment of the chronology of settlement and land use on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) based on radiocarbon data

The archaeological landscape on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) contains a palimpsest of surface archaeological features reflecting a long history of settlement and land use. The popular narrative of societal collapse prior to European contact relies on chronometric data from the late pre-European contact period and also cites major settlement shifts as evidence for societal collapse and socio-political reorganization. This paper explores the archaeological evidence for proposed changes in settlement by assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of radiocarbon determinations collected from archaeological and landscape contexts. A corpus of over 300 determinations is placed into an island-wide GIS database and analysed. The results of this study suggest that Rapa Nui settlement and land use exhibit continuity rather than punctuated, detrimental change during the late pre-European contact period.     

留学生与中国近代工业发展——以化工群体为例的分析

论文从近代留学史、留学教育史、个案研究、留学生与中国现（近）代化研究等方面对近代留学生研究的历史与现状进行了回顾;以近代化学工业为例,分析和阐述了近代化学工业中的留学生群体特别是其中的科技企业家,在化工企业管理中的特点以及他们利用自身优势,凭借其技术特长,在技术引进、技术创新与科学管理等方面做出的卓越贡献。     

Development of Local Financial Systems in Mainland China

Two Beijing-based economic geographers present a comprehensive study of local financial systems in China. The paper analyzes the most recently available (2006) regional data on exogenous (state-owned, foreign-owned, and joint shareholder-owned) and endogenous (city commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives) banks, highlighting the differences between the country's coastal and the lagging rural provinces located in China's central and western macroregions. A key component of the analysis is the geographic distribution of bank branches and assets. Special attention is devoted to Shanghai, the country's traditional financial center, which has attracted the bulk of foreign-owned banks and financial service providers seeking entry into the vast Chinese market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: G21, G28, O18, P34. 9 figures, 3 tables, 54 references.