Scale Locality and the Caribbean Historical Archaeology

Historical archaeologists have become increasingly concerned with regional analysis focusing on the interconnections between different archaeological sites in order to develop a better sense of social relations. This development is in part due to the realization of many years of research and subsequent topical and theoretical syntheses. It also reflects a shifting concern in research towards fluidity of landscape and translocality (Hicks in World Archaeol 37:373–391, 2005; Lightfoot K (2005). University of California, Berkeley; Orser CE Jr (1996) A historical archaeology of the modern world. Plenum, New York; Wilkie LA, Farnsworth P (2005) Sampling many pots: an archaeology of memory and tradition at a Bahamian Plantation. University Press of Florida, Gainesville). The Caribbean as a world area highlights the need for broader regional analyses where tensions between local specificities and global/translocal processes are mediated. These tensions have been explored through discussions of identity, agency, colonialism and political economy. In this volume we explore the utility of scale of analysis in the framing of colonial landscapes between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries in the Caribbean. Contributors to this volume have concentrated on the ways in which scale as a concept is explicitly analyzed or implicitly employed to shape how we as archaeologists focus on topics associated with the African Diaspora in the Caribbean to draw out narratives of everyday life.     

高原小康社会建设必须关注民族传统文化的创新

高原各民族的传统文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,是培育高原各民族的民族性格的＂土壤＂.它既有其独特的个性,又有与中华民族传统文化相通的共同特征.在全面建设高原小康社会的进程中,必须通过社会主义先进文化的主导,促进其实现现代化,使之与小康社会建设相适应,更充分地发挥其推动社会进步的功能和作用.     

浅论区域创新及其系统的构建

本文重新界定了创新的涵义,讨论了影响创新扩散的因素,并在此基础上构建了区域创新系统,认为区域创新系统是以企业为创新主体,与区域内科研院校、政府部门及中介机构等创新环境要素相互影响、相互作用形成的协同发展的整体。并根据系统运行机制,提出建议,以加强系统的创新能力,促进经济发展。     

武汉城市圈城乡道路网供需系统的时空协同演化

将城乡道路网系统解构为需求、供给两个子系统,构建系列评价指标体系和引入耦合协调度模型,从地市、县市层面揭示了1995-2012年武汉城市圈城乡道路网供需系统的时空协同演化格局:地市层面上,武汉城市圈城乡道路网供给系统呈现出"核心-边缘"的空间生长趋势,需求系统呈武汉"一城独大"格局。城乡道路网供需系统耦合度由低水平向高水平发展,空间差异较小,协调度由失调向良好协调发展,呈现出同步进阶的态势;县市层面上,供给系统县际差异趋小,呈现等级圈层式的空间发育格局,需求系统也发展较均衡,呈板块集聚特征。城乡道路网供需系统耦合协调度整体水平不高,"核心-边缘"格局显著。     

区域创新系统的管治框架演化——来自深圳和东莞的对比实证

本文在电子企业问卷调查的基础上,对比分析深圳和东莞的区域创新机制,并进一步从管治角度构建区域创新机制差异的理论框架,在中国转型的体制背景下阐释管治的演化逻辑。结果显示,改革开放初期自上而下的管治模式相对于自下而上的管治,在各自向网络化管治模式演化的过程中,由于先发制度优势和组织能力禀赋,更能顺利的推动工业基础薄弱地区向区域创新系统的转变。最后指出,演化视角分析必须注重时间和地理的特殊性。     

半层级式产业集群创新升级影响研究——基于技术权力的视角

论文以集群内部的技术权力体系为研究对象,以典型的LED半层级式制造业产业集群为案例,通过问卷调查方法,突破全球价值链的宏观视角,从集群内部权力的等级形态入手,分析技术权力对集群创新与升级的作用机制。重点分析张江LED产业集群不同发展阶段技术领导企业如何通过直接控制、制定技术标准、环节外包、技术扩散和溢出等手段,实现与地方创新升级之间的相互作用与耦合,总结出发展中国家和地区半层级式产业集群内部的技术权力关系、权力各方的相互作用机制和权力演化方向。     

南京政府行政督察专员制度的法制考察

南京政府行政督察专员制度,是近代中国社会转型过程中的重要的地方政府转型与制度改革。就专员的资格与任期、职权与辖区、组织与经费等方面考察,专员制的法制功能是显而易见的。然专员制度的法律设计与实际状况之间无疑存在着一定的偏离状态,但这种偏离没有影响到该制度的基本运作,因而专员制度的法制状态应是正常的或基本正常的。专员制度是中国地方政府制度历史长河中发展演变的重要一环,也是中国地方政府从传统体制向现代体制过渡的重要一步。而且．专员制度的变革,也凸现了民国时期社会转型的历史画卷。     

Mathematical modeling of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike

We provide a simplified treatment of phase separation of seawater near an igneous dike to obtain rough estimates of the thickness and duration of the two‐phase zone, the volume fractions of vapor and brine formed, and their distribution in the subsurface. Under the assumption that heat transfer occurs mainly by thermal conduction we show that, for a 2‐m wide dike, the maximum width of the two phase zone is approximately 20 cm and that a zone of halite is initially deposited near the dike wall. The two‐phase zone is mainly filled with vapor. For a value of thermal diffusivity of a = 10^?6 m² sec^?1, the two‐phase zone begins to disappear at the base of the system after 13 days, and disappears completely by 16 days. For a lower value of thermal diffusivity, the width of the two‐phase region does not change appreciably but its duration increases as a^?1. The width of the two‐phase zone determined by this simplified model agrees reasonably well with transient numerical solutions for the analogous two‐phase flow in a pure water system; however the duration of two‐phase flow is matched better using a smaller value of a. We compare the seafloor values of vapor salinity and temperature given by the model with vapor salinity data from the ‘A’ vent at 9–10°N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and argue that either non‐equilibrium thermodynamic behavior or near‐surface mixing of brine with vapor in the two‐phase region may explain the discrepancies between model predictions and data.     

Painting as Agency,Style as Structure: Innovations in Mimbres Pottery Designs From Southwest New Mexico

The act of painting a design is a form of agency, and the overall style of that design in part can be conceptualized as a kind of structure. This perspective is used as a basis for analyzing chronological changes in designs on Mimbres Black-on-white pottery (ca. AD 750–1150) from Southwest New Mexico. Specific focus is on a methodology that can be used to detect innovations, that is, the introduction of novel designs that are incorporated into the design corpus and thus transform the structure. The conceptualization of a particular tradition (in this instance, pottery painting) as a form of structure analogous to general structure in Giddens' sense thus provides important insights into the recursive relationship between agency and structure.     

中共第三代领导集体对"一国两制"方针的继承与发展

以江泽民为核心的中共第三代领导集体,继承和发展了党的"一国两制"方针,根据两岸形势的变化,与时俱进地制定了一系列的对台方针、政策和措施:坚持一个中国原则,坚决反对分裂,反对"台独"活动,维护祖国统一;坚持通过两岸对话和谈判来实现祖国的和平统一;高度重视对台湾人民的工作,贯彻"更寄希望于台湾人民"的方针;积极推动两岸的经贸交流与合作;不承诺放弃使用武力,积极做好军事斗争准备,有力地推进了祖国统一的历史进程.