王蘧墓志及相关问题

王蘧墓志记述志主生平较为详尽。本文结合传世文献探讨了墓志未曾提及的王蘧久仕不偶的另外两个重要原因,认为早年生活不羁和中年迎娶富家女的行为使统治者对其人品颇为鄙薄,终不委以重任。文中还对墓志所记王蘧生平作了一些补充。     

Beyond cereals: crop processing and Vitis vinifera L. Ethnography,experiment and charred grape remains from Hellenistic Greece

Archaeobotany, ethnographic observation, and laboratory experimentation are brought together to build model sequences of grape processing parallel to the better studied and reported sequences in existence for cereal processing. A set of such model sequences is developed and presented, and explored in the context of rich archaeobotanical assemblages from the Hellenistic farmstead at Komboloi in Southern Macedonia. We conclude that the remains of pressed grapes are reasonably distinctive, whereas whole grapes and raisins can leave similar material in charred state, requiring close scrutiny for secure separation. Our model sequences are further considered in the light of other sites in which Vitis remains have been variously interpreted, and our own reinterpretations offered.     

Metropolitan Colonisation and the Reinvention of Place: Class Polarisation along the Cessnock‐Pokolbin Fault‐Line

This paper examines the emergence of a sharply delineated socioeconomic and sociocultural fault‐line between Cessnock's former coal towns and the immediately adjacent Hunter Valley Wine Country, centred on Pokolbin. We provide evidence that divergent culturally‐related class identities act as mutually reinforcing constraints on reciprocity between job‐deficit former coal towns and the job‐surplus wine country. We relate this to a consideration of time‐space dimensions in the interdependencies between the class and place identities of Cessnock and Pokolbin. These identities have been influenced by metropolitan colonisation, with the markedly differentiated absorption of these two locales into the enlarged metropolitan population‐work‐welfare‐housing‐leisure agglomeration. Further, we propose that the former coal towns and the wine country can both be seen as place‐specific representations of wider class‐related changes within Australian society. Our interpretations are founded on three current research directions: first, the role of culture as a critical intervening variable in class identities and actions; second, the current flux in class formations, most notably the loss of self‐identity and solidarity in the working class and the emergence of a new middle‐class sector dedicated to self‐realisation and self‐fulfilment; and third, recognition of class formation as a geographical process.     

Seeking and Managing Wealth: Advice from a Guangdong Mother in Late Qing and Early Republican China

This article traces the life of Qu Fengzhu (1860–1927), a native of Panyu, Guangdong, with special focus on her Zhijia yaoyi (Basic principles of household management). Whereas many women from elite families in late imperial China emphasized the importance of their sons studying hard in order to secure a place in the government or to live with dignity, Qu Fengzhu focused on seeking and managing wealth properly to sustain the family finances. Living in the greater Canton area loaded with heavy commercial activities and East-West interaction opportunities, as well as witnessing the political and social transition from the imperial era to the republican era, Qu Fengzhu gave very pragmatic advice to her offspring without elaborating much on high-sounding truths and principles. She set four rules for her children to follow and emphasized the importance of diligence and frugality. In a flourishing commercial world, the relatively conservative arguments on wealth management contained in Zhijia yaoyi somehow incorporates moral education. This makes its author’s words carry weight and significance.     

通识 专精 信念——瞿林东教授著《20世纪中国史学散论》读后

瞿林东教授勤于笔耕,著述丰富。他在中国古代史学史研究取得大量成果的基础上,对20世纪中国史学的研究又表现出特殊的重视。近十多年来,不断发表关于20世纪中国史学的长篇大作,在史学界产生了较大影响。瞿教授选取有代表性的论文24篇,另选2篇作为附录,结集为《20世纪中国史学散论》(以下简称《散论》)。     

Identifying wine and oil production: analysis of residues from Roman and Late Antique plastered vats

The production of oil and wine was an important aspect of the ancient Mediterranean economy. Among the material remains related to the production of these substances, installations used for their production provide evidence that is still unexploited. Although archaeological studies have been carried out on these installations, problems can arise in the identification of their function, as wine and oil production structures can be similar and the archaeological traces insufficient to establish which substance was produced.     

荆门郭店一号楚墓墓主考论——兼论屈原生平研究

一些学者根据“漆耳杯铭文”与“鸠杖”论定墓主是“楚太子的老师” ,又有“陈良”、“屈原”等推测。据金文、简牍、帛书对“不”、“”二字有不同写法 ,漆耳杯铭文应为“东宫之杯” ,而非“东宫之师” ;据《左传》等典籍 ,楚国太子的老师应称为“傅”或“太傅”。据《周礼》、《礼记》、《吕氏春秋》 ,“八十九十 ,加赐鸠杖”之礼始于汉代 ,而楚系墓葬中出土的各种“杖”的形制特点 ,可证明此墓“鸠杖”不是手杖。屈原未担任过太子之傅 ,郭店一号楚墓墓主与屈原无关。     

闻一多的屈原研究——闻一多先生诞辰一百零五周年纪念

首先,闻一多在《廖季平论离骚》中肯定了屈原的存在及其学史地位。其次,他在《读骚杂记》中,指出屈原自杀不是爱国,不是尸谏,而是洁身而死。这一论点折射出闻一多作为一个大学教授自命清流的思想。再次,他的《屈原问题——敬质孙次舟先生》一,阐明屈原是一个化奴隶式的“弄臣”,同时也是一个政治家和赋予诗歌教育功能及健康艺术形式的学家。他强调屈原双重人格中的作为反抗的奴隶、人的尊严、“火气”的、孤高激烈、“人的导师”的一面。,这是在新的时局面前,闻一多自己思想的发展和提高的反映。最后,他的《人民的诗人一屈原》从人民性的高度,对屈原人格精神高度礼赞。这一结论代表了闻一多的人民民主这一基本社会政治理想。闻一多对屈原的解读及这一解读的发展、提高和深化的过程,正是他自己思想发展、提高和最后定型的过程,前是后的一种表现形态。闻一多对屈原的评价带有一定的主观性。     

Chemical evidence for wine production around 4000 BCE in the Late Chalcolithic Near Eastern highlands

Archaeological excavations in the Areni-1 cave complex in southeastern Armenia revealed installations and artifacts dating to around 4000 cal. BCE that are strongly indicative of wine production. Chemical evidence for this hypothesis is presented here using a new method to detect the anthocyanin malvidin that gives grapes and pomegranates their red color. Using solid phase extraction (SPE) and alkaline treatment of the samples, followed by combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), this method was applied to authentic standards and four ancient potsherds from Armenia and Syria. A positive result was observed for two of the samples from the Areni-1 cave complex, adding evidence supporting the hypothesis that wine was produced in the Near Eastern highlands in the Late Chalcolithic Period.     

The origin of the ancient Egyptian drink Shedeh revealed using LC/MS/MS

Ancient Egyptians were buried with the most precious food and drink as sustenance for their afterlife. One of these was Shedeh, the most valued and appreciated beverage in ancient Egypt. The botanic origin of Shedeh remains unclear as no mention of its raw material has survived. Some scholars have proposed that Shedeh was a pomegranate wine, while others, a grape wine. Presented here is the first ever analytical evidence of Shedeh's origin through the analysis of a sample of a residue from an extraordinarily well preserved Shedeh amphora from King Tutankhamun's collection. The previously developed LC/MS/MS wine markers method for archaeological samples was used and our results reveal Shedeh had a red grape origin.