东北亚地区国际经济合作的文化地理研究

本文以地域文化观点,历史地论证了东北亚地区民族文化的若干相近之点;根据东北亚地区社会经济发展的不平衡,论述了地区经济合作的必要与可能;随着地区经济的大规模合作,必然加强其间的科学文化交流,从而将产生巨大的文化地理效应,并可能在原有基础上形成更具地域性的文化圈。     

左江流域种植业区划

左江流域六县(市)地处桂西南喀斯特地区,区内农业资源和生产水平各有差异。为了配合该地区经济的全面开发,我们收集了该地区七十一个行政乡农业生产有关的特征数据,运用数学的方法--聚类分析法和电子计算机技术,对该地区农业的空间布局进行合理调整--种植业类型区划分,并分别论述各类型区的特点及今后发展方向。为该地区今后在农业生产上做到宜地适种、扬长避短,并在此基础上向区域化、集约化的农业迈进提供科学依据。     

关于山西与环渤海地区区域工业合作的思考

山西作为全国的能源重化工基地,工业结构呈现出"畸重型"特点。近年来,这种结构与市场的矛盾日益突出,山西工业处于一种不景气状态。山西工业要振兴,区域合作是捷径。山西与其东邻的环渤海地区,有着明显的地缘优势、资源互补优势和良好的合作基础。随着国家经济建设重心向中西部地区的转移,山西作为中部地区的前沿地带,很有可能成为环渤海地区向中西部转移工业的首选地区。山西应牢牢抓住这一契机,加强与环渤海地区进行多方位、多渠道、多层次的合作。其合作途径是文章重点探讨的内容。     

长江三峡库区旅游资源可持续利用研究

现代旅游业的发展建立在资源的可持续利用和环境的有效保护基础上,文章从长江三峡库区旅游业的发展现状、存在的问题、旅游资源的特征以及三峡工程兴建给长江三峡库区旅游业发展带来的深远影响分析入手,探讨了长江三峡旅游资源的开发模式与可持续利用问题。提出了三峡库区旅游资源的开发应在遵循非均衡空间开发格局的同时实施"点-轴-网"战略开发模式,并指出"一线二区三精品"的战略开发重点和可持续利用的途径。     

Measuring reduction in stone tools: an ethnoarchaeological study of Gamo hidescrapers from Ethiopia

Stone tools were knapped, not built. This truism means that tools were reduced from larger pieces in the production process. But many tools were further reduced in use, to repair damage or as edges dulled. Reduction reduced size (trivially), but also changed the proportions among tools' elements or dimensions. Such allometric variation (change in proportion as a function of change in size) is useful to estimate the degree of reduction that tools experienced. Reduction itself is a measure of curation, a theoretical concept of great interest in lithic studies and Paleolithic archaeology. To determine the reduction that archaeological tools experienced, we must compare their size and proportions at first use to the same properties at discard that we directly measure. By now many size estimates can be made from discarded tools. Some are experimentally tested but few are validated using direct ethnoarchaeological controls. We validate two allometric reduction measures—ratios of plan area to thickness and of an estimate of original to discarded volume—against direct measures of use and reduction in ethnographic Gamo hidescrapers from Ethiopia.     

战国秦汉时期长江中游地区气候状况研究

本文根据历史文献、考古材料和钻孔孢粉资料等,对战国秦汉时期长江中游地区的气候状况进行了初步的探讨。结果表明:战国初期,该地气候温暖湿润;战国中后期至西汉武帝后期,气温下降,气候温凉,极端寒冷事件不断出现;约从公元前100年始,气温明显回升,至公元初年前后,长江中游地区复为温暖湿润的气候环境;公元之初的新莽政权时期,气候经历了由暖而寒的历史转变,降温过程大致持续到东汉明帝时期;之后至东汉中后期,气候暖湿,尤其是冬季气温相对较高;东汉后期,气候再度出现了幅度不大的波动,标志着魏晋南北朝时期大降温的开始。此间气候虽屡有起伏,但总体而言,战国秦汉时期长江中游地区的气候仍以暖湿为主,气温略高于今,或与现今差别不大。在干湿状况方面,具有干湿相间的特点。     

试论周代宗庙制度及其变迁

周人在战国以前没有毁庙制度,坚持践行宗庙都宫制。天子七庙制度可能是战国以降才逐渐确立的。两周姬姓诸侯多以所出之周王为庙尊太祖。     

Keeping migrants at the margins. Governing through ambiguity and the politics of discretion in the post-2015 EUropean migration and border regime

This article deals with the roles of ambiguity and discretion in the governing of migration and how they contribute to the marginalisation of migrants at the borders of EUrope. Building on ethnographic research and interviews conducted in Sicily, it connects legal-institutional ambiguities of two recent policy interventions in the field of migration governance in Italy – the Security Decree-Law and the Hotspot Approach – to the discretionary practices by public officials tasked with their implementation. By theoretically and empirically tracing the co-constitutive relationship of ambiguity and discretion, the article draws on and contributes to recent inquiries into grey areas of governance, particularly in the field of (critical) border regime studies. Based on two distinct cases, it analyses how ambiguity and discretionary local practices are related both to each other and to the contemporary fragmentary reconfiguration processes of the EUropean Migration and Border Regime, and shows how they intersect to form spatio-juridical grey areas that foster the spatial and social marginalisation of migrants in EUrope.     

The Chronology of Settlements with Pre‐Inca and Inca Occupations Superimposed: the Case of Pucará de Tilcara (Humahuaca Gorge,Argentina)

The region of the Central and South Andes was, in about the ninth and 15th centuries ad , the stage for the development of political systems tending towards demographic centralization in villages with defensive structures, known as Pucará. The chronological accuracy for these phenomena still remains uncertain, mainly because it involves intervals of long and superimposed occupations, masked by the Inca domination. Thus, this paper analyses the history of the occupation at Pucará de Tilcara, one of the biggest populated centres of the Humahuaca Gorge (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina). Twenty‐five radiocarbon dates are critically evaluated to judge its reliability. The Bayesian statistics show that all the dated spaces were used on a long‐term basis. The most ancient signs are in the middens and relate at least to the 10th century ad , and the occupation of the housing areas could be calculated to the 13th and 16th centuries. A phase of higher intensity of occupation is observed during the Inca period. This redefinition of this site occupation shows the need to statistically analyse the dates in order to differentiate the phases of occupation.     

抗战时期西北皮毛贸易与大后方经济变动

皮毛是西北地区重要的畜牧产品。近代以来,随着天津的开埠通商,在天津口岸的经济辐射作用下,大量西北皮毛通过黄河水运汇集至包头后再通过平绥铁路运至天津出口美英等国,皮毛成为西北最重要的出口物资,大量西北皮毛的出口也成为西北地区皮毛业外向化的重要表现。但抗战爆发以后,西北皮毛贸易发生了巨大变化。首先,西北皮毛出口运输路线改为向西汇集兰州后再通过甘新公路或甘新大道运至猩猩峡出口苏联,使得苏联取代战前美国成为中国最大皮毛进口国,这也直接推动了战时中苏易货贸易的发展。其次,由于战时西北皮毛出口运输较战前出口运输路途艰险,加上战时出口市场萎缩等原因,造成战时西北皮毛出口量较战前减少。战时西北皮毛出口量的减少,迫使部分皮毛出口转内销,西北皮毛业从战前外向化开始转为战时内向化。西北皮毛内销数量的增加,也推动了大后方毛纺织业的发展。因此,战时西北皮毛业的内向化一定程度上为战时大后方经济的发展积累了新的动力因素。