Italy during the Rhine Crisis of 1840

The paper addresses the impact of the Rhine Crisis of 1840 on Italian countries and explains the role they played in the European State System when the Continent seemed to be on the eve of a general war. As the paper attempts to prove, the crisis seriously alarmed the ruling classes as well as the general public and revealed the internal problems of the Italian countries as well as their deep distrust towards the egotistic and self-serving policies of the Great Powers. The paper therefore introduces the history of Italy during late 1840 within the wider context of European diplomatic history and serves as a probe into the history of the European State System during the Pre-March period in general.     

Civil Power and the Deconstruction of Scholasticism in the Thought of Marc'antonio de Dominis

Summary

Marc'antonio de Dominis is well known to historians as a figure in the political and religious culture of early modern Britain and Europe. This article contends that he was also a major theorist of civil power: his critique of Catholic scholastic political thought is compelling and his account of divine right kingship sheds light on conceptual problems that troubled a range of early modern thinkers. De Dominis dismantled the scholastic theory of political power on its own terms, insisting that Almain, Bellarmine, Suárez and others could not distinguish, as they sought to, between the potestas politica in general and the rule of particular princes. By this insight de Dominis could vindicate royal authority against the deposing pretensions of the Pope, the main objective of James I's supporters during the Allegiance Controversy, but his own positive account of how to think about power ran into theoretical trouble which he evidently perceived himself. If the potestas politica cannot be abstracted from a specific regime, and if the prince's absolute sovereignty depends on this fact, can politics be understood only at the level of the particular and contingent? The article closes by setting Thomas Hobbes—well versed in Jacobean polemic—in the context of this question.     

陕西韩城梁带村芮国墓地西区发掘简报

简报首次披露了梁带村墓地西区2007年发掘的10座中小型墓的信息,据出土玉器的纹饰特征等推断,这些墓葬年代为春秋早期偏晚阶段。这批等级较低的墓葬普遍有棺椁或单棺作葬具,但均不随葬陶器,而有少量玉器的现象在其他地区同时期的墓地是非常少见的,从另一层面揭示了周代芮国墓葬的突出特点。中型墓多有铜翣及串饰也较有特色,是研究周代墓葬制度的重要资料。M18出土铸有"虢季"字样铭文的铜鼎,则反映出芮国与虢国的联系交流情况,或可印证有关文献的记载。     

试论《助字辨略》的成就与不足

清人刘淇所撰的《助字辨略》．是我国历史上第一部具有完整体例的虚词专著。全书共收虚词四百七十六个,分为三十类,并按四声对所收虚词分卷编次,依韵排列,同时类聚条析,讲解精当,对其后的虚词著作产生了深远的影响。但作者毕竟处于清学初起之时,那时虚词专著还处于开创阶段,这就注定《助字辨略》难免有一些缺陷和不足之处。     

重评耆英的外交活动及其思想

耆英被人们认定为投降派,所办外交被称为投降外交。其实,耆英在海关税则、禁烟、收回舟山诸问题的交涉中,都为中国之利权殚心竭虑。仅粤海关税收的实际增幅就达50%左右。耆英主持外交的最大贡献,是在中外之间维持了数年和平相安的局面。至于所失之主权,乃源于时代之局限。耆英“诚信守约”的根本目的是限制列强,维护中国权益。“一视同仁”主张的实质是平等开放,“与外人平等交往”是当时乃至之后的十余年间最为开明和进步的外交思想。     

"下宫之难"探析

春秋中期,各诸侯国内部的政治格局悄然发生着变化,公室出现衰弱迹象,而卿大夫家族则日趋强大,公室与世族之间以及世族与世族之间的矛盾日益成为社会的主要矛盾,各世族均致力于内部的争权与兼并,“坠命亡氏”者比比皆是。赵氏,时为晋国强卿,也在“下宫之难”中遭受灭族之祸。历史上,对“下宫之难”发生的时间、原因和涉及的范围众说纷纭,颇多疑点。对于“下官之难”的诸多疑点,有必要依据典籍文献,并结合春秋时期的社会背景以及晋国的相关制度进行深层次的剖析。     

西汉东海郡所辖戚县、建陵、东安侯国地望考辨

西汉东海郡所辖戚县及建陵、东安二侯国地望历来众说纷纭,通过对史料和各家之说的梳理,本文认为戚县地望在今临沂市,鲁王子刘遂之建陵侯国地望在今枣庄市峄城区,东安侯国地望在今枣庄市山亭区。     

《中国历史地图集》战国部分地名校补

《中国历史地图集》作为政区地理研究的集大成者,由于历代地理与政区的变化复杂、文献记载的缺漏与歧异等原因而使该书存在着一定的疏误。不断出土的战国文字资料,不仅可以提供各诸侯国疆域变迁的内容,还包含大量的县一级的地名资料,可以据此对《地图集》第一册“战国时期”所收录的地名资料进行补正。本文在纠正《地图集》的几处失误之外,还补充了120余个战国时期的县名,为研究战国至秦汉时期的地理沿革提供了重要资料。     

论唐代渤海国儒学文化教育

本文主要论述唐代渤海国儒学文化教育的宗旨、内容及其影响。指出作为唐王朝地方政权的渤海国,不仅在政治制度等方面仿效唐朝,而且在文化教育方面也学习唐朝,将中原的儒学文化作为其教育的主要内容。这不仅促进了渤海国社会经济的发展,也进一步加快了渤海人汉化的过程。     

齐量制刍议

齐国量制本以升、豆、区、釜、钟为单位,从战国开始发生急剧变化,与其他诸侯国量制趋于统一,"斗"进入齐国量制系统。这一过程并非是突然发生的,"斗"初始用"/卮"来指称,在《考工记》中"豆"这一旧量单位被借用来表示"斗",直到战国末期"斗"方正式成为标准量制单位。