论古代中国的国家观与天下观——边境与边界形成的历史坐标

本文认为,中国古代并没有真正意义上的国家观,各王朝所持有的是天下观。即在法理上,中原王朝并不认为天下有与自己平起平坐的国家。这一观念自先秦时期奠定之后,影响深远,即便是由传统的"蛮夷之邦"入主中原的王朝也不自觉地接受了这一政治观念。但是,天下观在其长期的政治实践中,却不得不每每面临诸多强大对手的挑战。因此,每当此时,双方的实际控制线就有了一定的边界含义。不过,真正近代意义上的边界出现于清朝。即当清朝面临沙俄这样从未接触过的具有全新文明的强大对手的挑战时,近代意义上的国与国之间的边界才最终形成。换言之,只有当中国面临的对手足够强大,或者说其文明受阻于强敌时,天下观才转为国家观,有边无界的状态才得以消解。     

试论《助字辨略》的成就与不足

清人刘淇所撰的《助字辨略》．是我国历史上第一部具有完整体例的虚词专著。全书共收虚词四百七十六个,分为三十类,并按四声对所收虚词分卷编次,依韵排列,同时类聚条析,讲解精当,对其后的虚词著作产生了深远的影响。但作者毕竟处于清学初起之时,那时虚词专著还处于开创阶段,这就注定《助字辨略》难免有一些缺陷和不足之处。     

论禽簋与鲁国始封年代

本文根据文献史料和禽簋所记,详细论述了鲁国始封在周武王时期。     

虢国墓地出土部分青铜器微量元素的分析

将微量元素示踪法与铅同位素比值法结合起来对青铜器矿料的溯源会起到相得益彰的效果。先前对虢国墓地青铜器的铅同位素比值测定表明,其青铜器铅同位素与山西中条山和长江中下游地区都有重合。本次微量元素分析结果显示,虢国墓地青铜器与山西中条山古矿冶遗址微量元素特征不同,而与长江中下游地区的湖北铜绿山古矿冶遗址铜锭的微量元素特征相似,推测长江中下游地区可能为虢国墓地青铜器提供了大量的铜料。此外,微量元素与铅同位素都表明虢国墓地不同墓葬的青铜器基本具有一致的矿料来源。     

虢国墓地出土麻织品保护修复

本研究针对河南三门峡虢国墓地M2009出土的麻织品中的主要文物麻裤、麻褂的保护修复过程进行相对全面而细致的阐述。以保存现状和病害分析为依据,制定以物理方法为主的保护修复方案。采用从清理、清洁(包括消毒以及有针对性的清洁措施等)到平复修整、形制复原、包装与保存等一系列合理的修复程序和操作方法进行操作实施,使这批麻织品得到了很好的保护,为以后进一步研究提供了保障。同时,总结了这次文物修复过程中的经验,如对于结构疏松的麻织物清洗力度的把控度、平整定形中的要点,以及对于文物形制确定的再认识等,为进一步可能实施的保护修复保存了一手资料,也为麻织品文物的研究及保护修复提供了宝贵的参考经验。     

Berlusconi,strong government and the Italian state

Over the past decade, state capacity has increased at all levels, including that of central government, and the emergence of effective government in Italy has proved popular. A second trend has been the reassertion of party government since 1996. Given these two trends, the large parliamentary majority obtained by Silvio Berlusconi's alliance, the Casa delle LibertÀ, might be expected to result in strong party government. In fact, Berlusconi's triumph offers something more and something less than party government, challenging Italian democracy. Nevertheless, as a consolidated democracy, Italy should be able to withstand such a challenge. One stable, democratic outcome to Italy's political transformation would be the consolidation of a Schumpeterian model of democracy. This would require the anomalies of the right's accumulation of powers to be resolved, a process which the left could promote by accepting that strong democratic government is a public good, and by organizing itself to challenge Berlusconi by campaigning to provide Italy with such government through parliamentary competition.     

论北齐文士的地理分布——以“待诏文林馆”籍贯为考察中心

“文林馆”是北齐后期设置的文学机构,曾经带“待诏文林馆”官衔的文人前后有68人。由入馆文人籍贯可以推断,北齐文士主要来自于北方士族,尤其是山东士族。北齐文坛以北方士族为主体,在加入南方士族之后,邺下出现了建安之后的第二次文学兴盛。北齐文士地理来源分布的不平衡是由于政治形势的变化造成的,文士来自于不同的地域,客观上为南北文学在此时开始相对成熟的对话提供了条件。     

The ‘She-Land,’ social consequences of the sexualized construction of landscape in North Patagonia

This article voices a perspective founded in gender geography and regional history, through the study of the symbolic constitution of core and peripheral areas inside Chile and Argentina. This analysis focuses upon the Patagonian territory and aims to reveal the use of female stereotyped metaphors as the basis for territorial subalternity. At this point, revision of Patagonian history shows that this construction of landscape is related to territorial integration, and could have been seen as gender ideology because of the metaphors involved in the State's arguments. This idea is illustrated with an ongoing nationalist discourse established in Patagonia since the 1930s, which operates as a permanent patriarchal reference and allows the projection of gender metaphors in land. It also takes the particular experience of Patagonian women to question the recognition of the problem behind the construction of landscape and the geographical and historical patriarchal order. As a result of this process, the possibility to argue against the subordination of the region emerges from highlighting feminine metaphors of land and feminine praxis, which nowadays confront both the landscape's official interpretation and an unequal access to resources.