论电视事业与人民群众的联系

电视事业是党和人民的喉舌,我国电视事业的发展要坚持为社会主义和为人民服务的方向,坚持以群众性为重要特征,始终保持电视事业与人民群众的血肉联系。     

A technological study of ancient faience from Egypt

The chemical compositions and microstructures of some 35 faience objects from Egypt spanning the period from the Middle Kingdom through to the 22nd dynasty are determined using analytical scanning electron microscopy. Replicate faience beads glazed in the laboratory using the efflorescence and cementation methods are similarly investigated. In efflorescence glazing, there appears to be preferential efflorescence of soda over potash, and in cementation glazing, preferential take up of potash over soda into the glaze. These data are then used to try to infer the raw materials and methods of glazing employed in the production of the ancient faience. The glaze/glass phases present in the faience differ significantly in composition from that of New Kingdom glass. This could be due either to the use of different plant ashes or to changes in the composition of the plant ashes during the production of faience and/or glass. Although it is only rarely possible to determine with certainty whether ancient faience was glazed by efflorescence, cementation or application, the observed microstructures provide an indication of the approach adopted to achieve desired performance characteristics such as strength.     

一切能力都是为人民执政——学习十七届四中全会《决定》

所谓党的执政能力,其本质就是为人民服务的本领。一切能力,都是为人民执政;一切能力,都要为人民执政。归根到底,党的执政能力要从人民群众的历史创造中来,要在与群众密切联系的实践中历练,要在严酷的反腐败斗争中提升,最终还要由人民群众来断定。加强党的执政能力建设,意义重大,任务艰巨,过程艰苦。     

北方地区寺庙、殿堂壁画可溶盐活动规律的 实验室模拟研究

古代壁画的风化酥碱问题一直是壁画病害中最常见和最严重的问题之一,其主要原因是墙体中的可溶盐。了解壁画中可溶盐无机离子的特性及其活动规律可为解决古代壁画的酥碱问题提供科学参考和依据。为此,通过模拟壁画中可溶盐活动实验来揭示可溶性无机离子在壁画中的分布及活动规律。利用离子色谱仪检测分析壁画不同高度细泥层、粗泥层以及土坯层的可溶盐离子浓度。结果表明,试块细泥层中的Ca2+,Na+,和SO24-含量最高,说明这三种离子在壁画中的迁移能力最强,Cl-、NO3-、Mg2+的迁移能力居中,K+迁移能力最弱。离子迁移能力越强,在壁画表层富集程度就越高,各离子之间形成结晶盐的机率越大,对壁画破坏作用越大。本研究可为解决古代壁画盐害提供依据。     

The meals in a Tuscan building yard during the Middle Age. Characterization of organic residues in ceramic potsherds

The characterization of organic residues found in ceramics objects coming from the Carmine Convent in Siena (Central Italy), probably built in the second half of the 13th century, is described. The nine objects analyzed in this study are pots, casseroles, and lids and they were used as filling material of the vault of one room of the convent.     

Towards an early warning system for oxidative degradation of protein fibres in historical tapestries by means of calibrated amino acid analysis

Flemish 15–17th century tapestries are among the most precious testimonies of European cultural heritage. Even in their deteriorated condition, they are still highly valued and exhibited in many museums all over the world. The present state of degradation evidenced by visual assessment in conservation practice, and confirmed with macro-scaled tensile strength tests, reveals the vulnerability of the wool and silk fibres to light exposure.     

明墓出土历书的揭取与复原

明墓出土的历书,粘连固结成块,脆硬易于折断。通过实验分析研究,探明其主要原因可能是木质素选择性地吸附的钙铁离子与蛋白质的分解物形成复杂物质,沉积在纸上,渗入书内所致。故揭取该历书的关键是去除钙离子,EDTA二钢,碱性过氧化氢、气相二氧化硅等的分步处理,使脆硬的纸张软化,再逐页分离揭取,然后再去除色素沉淀物,终于恢复了书的原貌。     

拉曼光谱技术在仿古玉鉴别中的应用

由热处理法可制得软玉的仿古效果,为古玉的科学鉴定提供理论依据,为此使用拉曼光谱对三组不同颜色的软玉原料及经不同温度热处理所得的样品进行了研究。实验结果表明:经热处理法得到的仿古玉样品的拉曼谱图同未经热处理的软玉原料的拉曼谱图相比在位移上有显著差异。未经热处理的软玉原料在252～395cm~(-1)拉曼位移带的数个谱峰在经热处理得到的仿古玉的谱图中会集中显示为324～327cm~(-1)和389～395cm~(-1)处的两个拉曼峰,在666～668cm~(-1)和1019～1027cm~(-1)处的谱峰会稍向低频方向漂移至662～665cm~(-1)和1007～1010cm~(-1), 510～526cm~(-1)处的拉曼峰会变钝,926cm~(-1)处的谱峰几乎消失,而1304～1310cm~(-1)处的拉曼峰则是经热处理法得到的仿古玉才具有的。因此,1304～1310cm~(-1)处的拉曼峰可作为鉴别经热处理法得到的仿古玉的特征峰。     

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen: Variations within individuals,between sexes,and within populations raised on monotonous diets

The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of collagen of seven bones from each of three rabbits raised on a monotonous diet, and of two bones from each of eight female and seven male mink raised on another monotonous diet, were determined. The ranges of δ¹³C values and δ¹⁵N values were 0·5‰ and 0·6‰ for the rabbit bones and 1·0‰ and 1·4‰ for the mink bones. Uncertainties in the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values for prehistoric human diets estimated from the isotopic composition of collagen from the small numbers of bones which are typically available for analysis, and thus likely to be of the order of ±1‰.