Suggestive Experten: Zur Etablierung der US‐amerikanischen Medienforschung in den 1930–1950er Jahren

Suggestive experts: The rise of American communication studies (1930s to 1950s). – The history of social engineering and its rise in the first half of the twentieth century is a well developed field today. This article attempts to add the history of communications research to this field of historical study. The focus lies on the experts for mass communication and their difficulties to combine scientific methodology with the promise to explore how human behaviour can be influenced by the mass media.     

阿伦特的公共领域思想研究

公共领域与私人领域的分野是现代生活的一个基本状态,健康发展的公共领域是现代社会的重要标志,它对我国的现代化进程、政治文明建设、公民文化形成意义重大。公共领域的研究已经成为学术界的一个重要热点,本文通过考察汉娜.阿伦特的天才构想,加深对其有关公共领域思想的理解。     

Controversy,uncertainty and the diverse public in cultural diplomacy: Australia–China relations

In the past few years, foreign policy tensions between China and Australia have become especially fraught. In some cases, this political situation manifests in the very diplomatic initiatives that were funded to help ease relations. This article considers a case study of a theatrical collaboration in the context of contemporary Australia–China relations to interrogate the value of our understandings of and evaluation frameworks for public diplomacy. This article argues that theories of cultural diplomacy and assessments of initiatives need to consider the multiple and competing objectives, diverse publics and controversial receptions that may be the outcomes of cultural diplomatic initiatives. It demonstrates this complexity in relation to Australia–China relations. Taking a cultural diplomatic initiative that sought to increase positive association for Chinese culture in the Australian public as a case study, it illustrates the range of differences that can be found amongst stakeholders, and the different roles that may be ascribed to cultural diplomacy. These interests, including those of different artistic and political stakeholders, as well as differences in the publics involved, are best segmented not only according to nation but also to subculture.     

Australia’s use of international education as public diplomacy in China: foreign policy or domestic agenda?

This research utilises expert interviews to investigate why the Australian Government funds the New Colombo Plan (NCP) and the Australian Studies Centres (ASCs) as public diplomacy in China. The ASCs have grown with no increase in funding, however, the academics view themselves as facilitators of Australian Studies not an arm of public diplomacy, despite their work contributing toward positive Australia-China relations. Evaluating the efficacy of the ASC’s contribution to public diplomacy is fraught with risk. Some suggest that political activism may backfire when governments explicitly outline their soft power strategies. As the NCP has no longitudinal measurements, this research is an initial review of short-term achievements. However, the external survey with 16% return rate, and just over 50% response rate indicating an intention to act as ambassadors for the program, requires review by the funding department. The opportunity for the Government to send a positive message to China and the strong people-to-people networks fostered by the two programs’ participants have the potential to influence the nexus between Australian foreign policy, international education as public diplomacy and public engagement with foreign policy. This alone, should be sufficient to justify continued funding, or in the case of the ASCs, increased funding.     

区域民俗文化旅游资源的定量评价研究——九寨沟藏族民俗文化与江苏吴文化民俗旅游资源比较研究之二

区域民俗文化是旅游地旅游资源的组成因子。有关其专项定量评价目前尚不完善。本文以九寨沟藏族民俗及江苏吴文化民俗旅游资源为例,对民俗文化旅游资源评价进行尝试。针对已有固定结构权重评价模型适应性较弱的现状,本文尝试了具有能够反映主导民俗类型的可变权重的主成分优先法对两个地区的民俗旅游资源进行了评价。同时,本文利用游客态度调查结果,对九寨沟民俗旅游资源进行了公众体验性评价。     

公务员培训效果评估的理论基础和研究现状分析

任何培训效果评估体系的构建,必须以一定的理论依据或假设为前提,即使从实践经验中升华的培训评估体系,也是在一定的理论指导下形成和发展起来的。因此,尝试探讨适合我国公务员培训效果评估体系的理论基础,尽快确立一种有效的适合我国特色的公务员培训效果评估体系,并有效付诸实施,已成为提高公务员能力与建设效能、廉洁的服务型政府的必然要求。     

论公务员培训效果评估及路径选择

目前,理论界对于公务员培训制度的研究正处在探索阶段,特别是在公务员培训效果评估方面是一个薄弱环节,其理论储备和实践经验都极为欠缺。因此,科学、系统、客观地对公务员培训效果评估存在的问题及对策进行研究,对理论界和政府部门都具有重要的现实意义。     

公共图书馆工作的创新与发展

随着社会的信息化、网络化发展,以计算机为核心的现代化技术在公共图书馆的广泛应用,公共图书馆工作呈现全新的发展趋势,但同时也面临着前所未有的挑战。如何抓住机遇,迎接挑战,已成为我国图书馆理论界与图书馆工作者面临的重大课题。     

“Relying on America”: The CPI’s Propaganda in China and Its Influence on China’s Pursuit of a New National Identity before the May Fourth Movement*

At the beginning of the 20th century, American officials, newspapermen, and businessmen in China promoted and participated in the establishment of a branch of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) in China. The purposes of the China station were to compete with other foreign states seeking influence in China, to promote American values and to eventually lead China down an “American” path. The CPI China station built an image of America as a friendly country which offered political and economic assistance and held a leading position in the new postwar order, an example which China could use for its own development. Chinese people were quick to respond to this propaganda as they wanted their concerns to be addressed at the Paris Peace Conference and sought to reform their national identity. The idea of a Wilsonian international order gained support in China through effective propaganda. After the diplomatic defeat in Paris, however, some Chinese began to consider a path very different from that of America. The CPI’s promotion of a particular development path for China and new world order had various effects on the country. The propaganda came at a time when the Chinese were searching for a new national identity and gained support from many groups. In addition, the Chinese people were not passive listeners of the propaganda and did not blindly accept the information that was “fed” to them.     

公仆意识是规制公共政策偏差的必要条件

在改革和发展的关键时期,公共政策偏差问题日益凸显。本文从伦理学视角探索了公仆意识对其公共政策偏差的规制作用。文章指出,公仆意识是公共政策执行的本质要求。它有利于树立正确的权力观,调适利益尺度,强化责任意识,激发创新意识,提升政策的合法性,从而有力地规制公共政策偏差。