从县委书记素质要求的高标准析培养选拔的特殊性

县委书记素质的高低、能力的大小，直接决定着整个县级领导班子战斗力和凝聚力的强弱，甚至影响着一个县各项工作的成败。这是因为，县委书记的责任重、地位特殊、权限大。因此，积极探索和认真研究县委书记的成长规律，培养选拔好县委书记，是一项极其重要的工作。     

Excavating ‘Hell Upon Earth’ Towards a Research Framework for the Archaeological Investigation of Workers’ Housing: Case Studies from Manchester,UK

This paper uses 16 years of targeted fieldwork on excavating workers’ housing in the Manchester region, UK, to assess a variety of research approaches to the investigation of urban industrial housing of the late 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Manchester was one of the ‘shock’ cities of industrial Britain, and a honey pot for social commentary during the Victorian period. Using data from more than 30 excavation sites, it looks at the way in which archaeological evidence can be used to explore issues around house build quality, overcrowding, sanitation and disease, and reconstructing households from their material remains. Manchester's reputation for poor living conditions during the industrialising period was crystallised around the comments of contemporary social commentators from Engels to Gaskell. Yet, the archaeological evidence reviewed in this article demonstrates the value of archaeological approaches in challenging and testing such views through detailed case studies. More importantly, it shows that archaeological material can be used to study directly features of the new industrialised form of urban living, providing a set of research questions applicable across the industrial urban workers’ housing of Britain.     

PRODUCING GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE THROUGH VISUAL METHODS

The tradition of using qualitative interviews in the study of everyday life, place and identity in geography, housing studies and related disciplines is a long and sound one. Recently there has been increasing interest in using visual methods as part of qualitative methodological approaches. Through our own empirical work, this article explores one position in visual methodology, which suggests visual methods as a way of in a sense getting closer to the lived life. Drawing inspiration from qualitative methodology and performative perspectives in geography, this article argues that this position overlooks the ways in which the visual – here photography – can also be seen as performed. Based on the authors' experiences with visual methods in fieldwork in housing areas in greater Copenhagen, and using both informants' and researchers' photographic work, the article shows how a performative perspective on photography can be used in qualitative research in geography.     

基于空间均衡视角的区域高质量发展内涵界定与状态评价——以陕西省为例

本文构建了区域高质量发展的空间均衡度与空间均衡发展度两个指标，衡量了2017年陕西10个地级市的区域高质量发展水平。结论如下：①陕西经济发展质量呈西安与榆林“两极驱动”的空间格局；社会发展质量呈“中心化”发展空间格局；资源环境发展质量呈南高北低的空间格局。②空间均衡视角下，陕西高质量发展呈现以西安为增长极，西安以东以南地区空间均衡发展度低，西安以西以北地区空间均衡发展度高的空间格局。在发展意义上能达到空间均衡状态的只有西安，其他地级市均处于不同程度失衡状态。     

高质量发展背景下黄河流域中下游绿色生产率时空分异研究

高质量发展背景下，以绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）视角考察黄河流域中下游各地市2003—2018年间的经济发展质量。首先，对GTFP进行测度并与传统TFP比较分析；其次，对GTFP增长率的内在动力进行解构；最后，采用变异系数和回归分析检验GTFP的收敛趋势，并验证其增长率的影响因素。结果表明：①GTFP较传统TFP表现出“中部塌陷”为特征的非均衡分布；②2003—2013年间，技术效率的提升是GTFP增长的主要推动力，2013年后技术前沿水平转变为主要动力；③在“追赶”效应下，各地市GTFP的差异呈缓慢缩小趋势；④该区域GTFP的提高受产业结构、财政科技投入等因素的显著影响。     

高质量发展视角下黄河流域城市网络的结构演变与影响因素研究

城市作为人口、产业等要素聚集地，基于多要素解构城市网络对明确城市高质量发展的内涵具有重要作用。本文通过修正经典引力模型和社会网络方法，分析了高质量视角下黄河流域城市网络结构演变特征，利用QAP方法探求其影响因素。结果表明：(1)黄河流域城市网络基本形成了以郑州、西安、济南、太原、兰州等省会城市为核心，辐射至周边城市的网络结构，网络密度逐渐增大但整体较低，网络通达度相对较高且稳定。(2)城市网络社群内部关联高于社群间关联，说明高质量发展视角下黄河流域城市网络社群溢出效应主要以社群内溢出为主，社群外溢作用较少。(3)区位条件、交通基础设施、产业结构、政府支持强度、科技创新的差异对黄河流域高质量发展的城市网络演变有显著影响。     

Discovering Price in All the Wrong Places: The Work of Commodity Definition and Price under Neoliberal Environmental Policy

Abstract: Price plays a unique role in neoliberal economic theory, quantifying value and providing markets with the information needed to produce equilibrium conditions and optimal social welfare. While the role of price is clear, the mechanisms by which prices are discovered, and by which the commodities they value are defined, are left obscure in neoliberal theory. Automatic price discovery, and self‐evident commodity identities, are assumed. Observation of newly created markets in ecosystem services suggests that this is a moment of significant tension within neoliberal practice, as potential market participants seek guidance from the state on appropriate commodity measures and pricing practices. Bureaucrats and economists, following the neoliberal preference for governance over government, turn the task back onto civil society. The invocation of abstract rules, instead of the formulation of practical guidance, by policymakers means that the neoliberal marketization of non‐market public goods is a contingent and sometimes rudderless task for those who must make markets work on the ground. This presents many opportunities for constructive engagement on the part of geographers and other critics of neoliberal strategy.     

Population density and the accuracy of the land valuations in the 1798 federal direct tax

Abstract

The peculiar operation of the 1798 federal direct tax has led scholars to question whether tax officials reported the land valuations from their districts faithfully. Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson argue that southern tax assessors systemically under reported the value of southern real estate, and they adjust their income estimates to account for the likelihood of corruption. This paper affirms the reliability of the tax returns by demonstrating that population density, rather than corruption or lax enforcement, can explain nearly all of the variation between the assessment districts. Accepting the tax valuations as accurate would lower Lindert and Williamson’s income estimates, imply slower growth rate between 1774 and 1800, and suggest a higher growth rate between 1800 and 1850.     

河谷型城市居民生活空间质量特征及社会效应——以兰州市为例

城市居民高品质生活建设是推进新型城镇化、提升城市功能品质的有效途径。以兰州市为例，借助步行指数从安全性、健康性、便利性、舒适性和社会性五个维度构建城市生活空间质量指标体系，对兰州市河谷地区1221个居住小区生活空间质量及其产生的社会效应展开分析。结果表明：①兰州市城市综合生活空间质量整体偏低，呈“一主两次”的多核组团式空间结构，且具有“东高西低”的不均衡特征。②舒适性空间呈“高值—分散、低值—集中”；便利性空间呈多中心向外递减的趋势；健康性空间呈“中间高，两头低，高值偏东”格局；安全性空间呈河谷中心向外递减的趋势；社会性空间呈河谷中心高度集聚、边缘低值集中连片分布。③生活空间质量以中等质量生活空间、较低生活质量空间、低质量生活空间为主，较高生活质量次之，高质量生活空间最少。④兰州市生活空间质量分异产生了居民住房不平等与居住分异、资源配置失衡与空间剥夺、社会信任危机与社会隔离，以及居住区有机更新和空间重构等社会效应。