Notes on Templar personnel and government at the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

The Hospital of St John is thought to have been in various respects in a rather more healthy condition than the order of the Temple in the late thirteenth century, and comparisons and contrasts between the two orders have recently been made, often to the detriment of the Templars. This view is examined with reference to recruiting, the role of sergeants, ignorance among brothers, provincial administration, central government, and roles after the collapse of the crusader states. The argument is advanced that the Temple was not in a noticeably worse state than the Hospital and that on many issues the similarities between the two orders are more marked than the differences.     

Mendicants as victims: scale,scope and the idiom of violence

This article establishes the scale of violence perpetrated against mendicant friars in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, and provides a list of these events in an on-line appendix. It underscores and analyses the wide variety of contexts in which such incidents took place and examines the ramifications for the history of the mendicant orders and medieval urban society generally. Violence was a subtler form of communicative action than is sometimes recognised, and the paper points to the inverse relationship between power and violence in medieval urban conflicts.     

旅游者权力对旅游者满意影响的实证研究——感知控制的中介作用及消费经验的调节作用

近年来,由于旅游信息可获得性不断提高等因素,旅游者的消费者权力日益增加,并被研究者所关注。本文从旅游者自身的角度探索了其权力行使对满意的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示：权力不仅能够有效地减少旅游者权益受损经历,而且能显著地提升其对消费经历的控制感和满意度。进一步研究发现,在这个过程中感知控制起到了部分中介作用,旅游者的消费经验正向调节权力与感知控制及权力与满意之间的关系。本文实证检验了以往消费者权力和增权研究的基础假设,为其理论体系提供了数据支持,并且为旅游者提供了法律以外的、维护自身权益和获取消费满意的主动性手段。     

在碰撞中强健思维的翅膀——浅谈幼儿语言活动中的问题设计

提问是幼儿教育阶段语言活动中最常用、最直接的交流,不仅能很好的促进师幼互动,更能激发孩子的思维,触动美的心灵,启迪孩子幼小的心智。     

2011年陕西省考古研究院考古发掘新收获

2011年,陕西省考古研究院开展考古调查、勘探、发掘工作140余项,取得了众多新的收获。其中有延续往年的周公庙遗址、秦汉和唐代帝陵、凤栖原西汉家族墓地等项目,也有洛南盆地张豁口旧石器地点、神木县石峁遗址、神木县木柱柱梁遗址、黄陵县寨头河战国戎人墓地等新开展的工作。其中洛南盆地张豁口旧石器地点和黄陵县寨头河战国戎人墓地以其新的发现引人注目,神木县石峁遗址的工作有望对峁玉器等问题提供更多答案。凤栖原西汉家族墓地、蓝田北宋吕氏家族墓园获得了2010年全国十大考古新发现。     

The Abeng’s Call: The Articulation of Place and the International in Black Power Print Production

This article engages with radical Black Power print production in order to examine the articulation of Black practices of place-making and Black internationalist spatial politics. These spatial politics and practices are developed through engagement with the Jamaican Black Power newspaper Abeng which was produced at the height of Black Power activity on the island in 1969. The paper draws on Black Geographies scholarship to demonstrate that Abeng represented a material and discursive means through which subaltern practices and places of resistance in Jamaica were enacted in opposition to and excess of plantation spatialities and regimes on the island. The carving out of such subaltern places allowed for the articulation of transnational imaginaries and translocal solidarities with similarly aligned communities and struggles across the diasporic world. The Abeng newspaper was again central in crafting these imagined Black internationalist geographies and coeval praxes of transnational solidarity.     

Environmental Degradation of Russian Coastal Regions: Exploring the Gulf of Finland

An American geographer and Russian ecologist discuss current and prospective environmental hazards precipitated by large-scale infrastructure projects on Russia's southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. The region, investigated by both authors during the course of regular field research from 1999 to 2009, is one of the best environmentally preserved coastlines of the Baltic Sea with abundant potential greenfield sites, largely due to its closed-border-zone status during the Soviet period. A favorable location for trade also places the region under intense development pressure. The authors devote particular attention to two major developments, a multifunctional port complex (which inter alia serves as a major pipeline terminus and oil export port) and expansion of an existing nuclear power plant. Based on extensive personal observations and government documents, they analyze the emerging environmental threat posed by these initiatives as well as the challenging political environment that discourages public participation and local involvement in spatial planning.     

‘Indigenous Knowledge’ and ‘Science’: Reframing the Debate on Knowledge Diversity

Responding to Kai Horsthemke’s call for the valorisation of universal knowledge within the debate on indigenous knowledge, the paper argues for an understanding of knowledge that is based neither universalism nor relativism. Arguing against the dualisms of ‘indigenous knowledge’ and ‘science’, the paper proposes that the debate be focused rather on knowledge diversity. Drawing on the work of Nelson Goodman and Catherine Elgin, the paper argues that diverse epistemologies ought to be evaluated not on their capacity to express a strict realism but on their ability to advance understanding. Such an approach allows for the evaluation of the advancement of understanding without necessarily requiring the expression of the literal truths that divide ‘belief’ from ‘knowledge’.     

河南考古六十年 保护科研结硕果

河南省文物考古研究所成立于1952年。60年以来,本所配合国家、省、市建设项目,相继开展了大量文物普查和考古发掘工作,并为解决学术课题进行了一系列主动发掘项目,取得了许多重要考古发现及重大学术突破。在旧石器时代向新石器时代过渡研究、裴李岗文化研究、仰韶文化研究、中国古代文明起源研究、夏商文化研究、古代冶金研究、古代陶瓷研究等诸多重要考古研究课题中取得突出成就,文物保护、科技考古等工作也得到了长足发展。科研合作硕果累累,编著出版大型考古报告专集、图录与论文集、学术专著180余部,在专业刊物上累计发表考古发掘报告、简报、简讯、研究论文和其他文章2500余篇,取得了丰硕的科研成果。