2011年陕西省考古研究院考古发掘新收获

2011年,陕西省考古研究院开展考古调查、勘探、发掘工作140余项,取得了众多新的收获。其中有延续往年的周公庙遗址、秦汉和唐代帝陵、凤栖原西汉家族墓地等项目,也有洛南盆地张豁口旧石器地点、神木县石峁遗址、神木县木柱柱梁遗址、黄陵县寨头河战国戎人墓地等新开展的工作。其中洛南盆地张豁口旧石器地点和黄陵县寨头河战国戎人墓地以其新的发现引人注目,神木县石峁遗址的工作有望对峁玉器等问题提供更多答案。凤栖原西汉家族墓地、蓝田北宋吕氏家族墓园获得了2010年全国十大考古新发现。     

Images of the third world: teaching a geography of the third world

Abstract

This paper focuses on how to teach undergraduate students to analyse critically various received images of the Third World. This is achieved through the use of a detailed practical exercise which is based on poster, newspaper and map representation of the Third World. The concepts of identity, positionality and representation are reviewed and there is a discussion of how an awareness of these concepts should help students understand the influencing power of stereotypical images of distant others.     

Mendicants as victims: scale,scope and the idiom of violence

This article establishes the scale of violence perpetrated against mendicant friars in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, and provides a list of these events in an on-line appendix. It underscores and analyses the wide variety of contexts in which such incidents took place and examines the ramifications for the history of the mendicant orders and medieval urban society generally. Violence was a subtler form of communicative action than is sometimes recognised, and the paper points to the inverse relationship between power and violence in medieval urban conflicts.     

在碰撞中强健思维的翅膀——浅谈幼儿语言活动中的问题设计

提问是幼儿教育阶段语言活动中最常用、最直接的交流,不仅能很好的促进师幼互动,更能激发孩子的思维,触动美的心灵,启迪孩子幼小的心智。     

Notes on Templar personnel and government at the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

The Hospital of St John is thought to have been in various respects in a rather more healthy condition than the order of the Temple in the late thirteenth century, and comparisons and contrasts between the two orders have recently been made, often to the detriment of the Templars. This view is examined with reference to recruiting, the role of sergeants, ignorance among brothers, provincial administration, central government, and roles after the collapse of the crusader states. The argument is advanced that the Temple was not in a noticeably worse state than the Hospital and that on many issues the similarities between the two orders are more marked than the differences.     

Empire as network: Spheres of material interaction in Late Bronze Age Anatolia

Hegemonic dominance relationships and the limited intentional material expressions of imperial power they usually encompass pose an interesting and well-known problem for the archaeology of early empires. One way of approaching domination in the archaeological record is through the synthetic analysis of different modes of imperial-local interaction at overlapping socio-political levels and spheres of culture. In this paper, four material culture categories are considered with the aim of characterizing Hittite imperial relationships in Late Bronze Age Anatolia and northern Syria. They include pottery traditions and their degree of susceptibility for central influence, diachronic settlement developments, the distribution of imperial administrative technology, and an ideological discourse carried out through landscape monuments. From the spatial and chronological signatures of these overlapping networks of interaction, a more nuanced understanding of the process of empire is beginning to emerge.     

Notes on Templar personnel and government at the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

The Hospital of St John is thought to have been in various respects in a rather more healthy condition than the order of the Temple in the late thirteenth century, and comparisons and contrasts between the two orders have recently been made, often to the detriment of the Templars. This view is examined with reference to recruiting, the role of sergeants, ignorance among brothers, provincial administration, central government, and roles after the collapse of the crusader states. The argument is advanced that the Temple was not in a noticeably worse state than the Hospital and that on many issues the similarities between the two orders are more marked than the differences.     

Dis-embedded centers and architecture of power in the fringes of the Inka empire: New perspectives on territorial and hegemonic strategies of domination

Empires were expansive polities based on the extraction of resources and economic surplus from subdued territories and people through a range of strategies of domination. Based on research on Oroncota in the Southeastern Inka region, this article presents evidence from architecture, settlement shifts, storage capacity and artifacts distribution, to illustrate the mechanics of dis-embedded Inka imperial centers. As an alternative form of control in the territorial and hegemonic spectrum, this research focuses on the nature and evolution of Inka dis-embedded centers as an alternative form of provincial control based on the use of architecture of power.     

定额制度与区域文化的发展——基于清代长江三角洲地区的研究

一般学者认为学额是量化研究清代区域知识分子的一个最重要的参数,也是衡量地域化儒学发展和普及程度的标志之一,进士则是反映各地文化水平的最重要指标。但是清代许多相邻的州县学额相同或相差不大,出产的进士数量却相差甚远。文章以清代长江三角洲地区为讨论范围,在阐述学额、解额制度的基础上,详细考订了各府州县学定额的变化过程。然后选取清代前、中、后三个时期,分别统计各州县中举人、中进士人数,进行相关分析,表明定额和各地中进士人数显著相关,即定额制度对各地文化发展有很大影响。     

Temporary organisations and spatial embeddedness of learning and knowledge creation

It is the overall aim of this article to investigate theoretically how spatial embeddedness of learning and knowledge creation might be challenged by alternative organisational forms (i.e. temporary organisations). The article presents development coalitions as an alternative to projects as a form of temporary organisation. They are potentially able to combine the promotion of radical change with collective and localised learning, thus eliminating some of the characteristic shortcomings of project organizations with regard to collective learning and transfer of knowledge.