纳税单位“真实”的一面——以徽州府土地数据考释为中心

本文拟以土地数据考释为中心，把有关徽州地区历史赋税资料与现代统计资料数据结合起来进行研究，从而就载籍时间断面数据的考查、纳税单位与耕地数据的区分、耕地面积“峰值期”的确定等几方面来探讨徽州特定时期的纳税单位能够反映“真实”的耕地面积，并以此为基点对嘉道时期的耕地面积进行再估计。     

城市断裂点理论的验证、扩展及应用

P. D. Converse提出的城市断裂点理论被广泛用来确定城市的空间影响范围和城市经济区的划分。由于该理论仅给出了每两个城市间一个断裂点的计算公式,在实际应用中就出现了多种空间分割方法。分析表明,许多方法是不可行、不严密的。本文通过对比分析Voronoi图和城市断裂点理论的性质,提出了扩展断裂点理论和断裂弧的概念。并证明:在匀质平面区域内,如果两个城市点的权重相同,那么其吸引范围的分界线是这两个城市点连线的垂直平分线;如果它们的权重不同,那么其吸引范围的分界线是一个圆弧;平面内所有断裂点的轨迹分别构成常规Voronoi图和加权Voronoi图,并且每个城市点的权重分别等于其中心性强度值的平方根。最后,以河南省为例进行了城市空间影响范围和城市经济区划分的应用分析。     

青海经济转折点理论与实践探析

改革开放30年来,全省经济社会发展取得很大成就,经济实力得到显著增强。当前,青海是否处在加速发展、加速起飞的转折点以及产业转型升级的关键时期？省内各有不同见解。本文对青海经济发展阶段进行综合分析和判断的基础上指出,目前青海经济正处于加速发展的重要时期,但还没有实现经济的加速起飞,并提出了促进青海经济加速发展和产业转型升级的战略选择。     

Testing the ‘Laacher See hypothesis’: a health hazard perspective

It has recently been suggested that the Laacher See volcanic eruption, which occurred around 13,000 years ago, initiated significant demographic fluctuations along the northern periphery of Late Glacial human settlement and that these led to a number of material culture transformations. The origins of the Southern Scandinavian Bromme culture and the northeastern European Perstunian culture as well as the temporary abandonment of Central European regions have been linked to this eruption. However, it remains unclear precisely which aspects of the eruption stimulated Late Glacial foragers to abandon their traditional ways of life. Paradoxically, the culture–historical impact of the eruption appears greater further away from the eruptive centre. Here, we investigate one potential middle-range link between the Laacher See eruption and Late Glacial fauna and foragers: tephra as a health hazard. We use laser-diffraction particle-size analysis to quantitatively investigate tephra from one site with a secure Late Glacial archaeological deposit. In addition, we use values previously reported in the literature and a predictive model to calculate the hazard potential along a transect of two of the three major Laacher See tephra fans. Our results show that the Laacher See tephra may have posed a potential health hazard and that its hazard potential may have increased with distance from the vent. To our knowledge this is the only study that attempts to quantify the changing grain-size composition of tephra fall-out longitudinally in this way, at least with regard to a prehistoric eruption. We close by discussing, more speculatively, other possible health-pertinent effects of the Laacher See eruption and suggest ways in which future work can further evaluate the impact of this eruption on Late Glacial populations.     

A geometric morphometrics-based assessment of blade shape differences among Paleoindian projectile point types from western North America

Blade shape features in the type definitions of Clovis, Folsom, and Plainview projectile points. However, the accuracy of these assessments has never been evaluated. Here we report a study in which geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics were used to compare the shapes of the blades of Clovis, Folsom and Plainview points from the Southern Plains of North America. In the course of the analyses, we controlled for the impact of three potential confounding factors: allometry, differences in raw material quality, and resharpening. The analyses show that blade shape distinguishes Clovis points from both Folsom points and Plainview points, but does not distinguish Folsom points from Plainview points. The analyses also show that the similarities and differences in blade shape among the types are independent of allometry, raw material quality, and resharpening. These findings suggest that the type definitions for Clovis, Folsom and Plainview need to be altered. They also have implications for typing specimens that lack other defining characters (e.g. channel flakes, flutes). Lastly, the absence of resharpening effects raises questions about the validity of the reduction thesis.     

Using Airborne LiDAR Survey to explore Historic-era archaeological landscapes of Montserrat in the Eastern Caribbean

Abstract

This article describes what appears to be the first archaeological application of airborne LiDAR survey to historic-era landscapes in the Caribbean archipelago, on the island of Montserrat. LiDAR is proving invaluable in extending the reach of traditional pedestrian survey into less favorable areas, such as those covered by dense neotropical forest and by ashfall from the past two decades of active eruptions by the Soufrière Hills volcano, and to sites in localities that are inaccessible on account of volcanic dangers. Emphasis is placed on two aspects of the research: first, the importance of ongoing, real-time interaction between the LiDAR analyst and the archaeological team in the field; and second, the advantages of exploiting the full potential of the three-dimensional LiDAR point cloud data for purposes of the visualization of archaeological sites and features.     

中国特色社会主义在何处“显”特色

中国特色社会主义作为社会主义当前的主要实践形态,有着自己独特内蕴。从它产生的境遇来看,中国正处在由生存危机、制度危机和开放危机转向发展危机、体制危机和封闭危机的转折期;从它分析问题的立意来看,它具有鲜明的问题意识、浓厚的现实意识和兼收并蓄的对话意识;它在解决问题的着点上,既注重整体立意、全局着眼,又强调把握原则,灵活运用,着重创新,强调踏实稳重,分步按阶,彰显着中国特色社会主义建设与发展的协调性、自主性和阶段性。     

论中国特色社会主义的历史起点

近年来学术界对中国特色社会主义的历史起点问题分歧较大,主要有1921年说、1927～1934年说、1956年说、1978年说、1982年说。产生分歧的原因很大程度上是由于对中国特色社会主义科学含义缺乏统一认识,问题的核心是如何理解马克思主义、科学社会主义基本原理与中国实际相结合,有必要在概念的使用上更加严谨和缜密,在研究层次和角度方面做必要的区分。     

金圣叹所作“元晖”诗本事考——兼论清初戏曲家叶奕苞的生卒

在今存金圣叹诗歌中,有两首是为其友“元晖”而作。此人是昆山叶奕荃,早年入复社,为人重气义,清兵下江南后,曾多次冒险奔赴杭州接父还乡,后中道遇害,死于浙江嘉善。金诗《元晖来述得生事》等,即述说前此有关经历。奕荃弟奕苞,为清初戏曲家,生卒向无确考,今据确凿史料得知为1629-1686。