Are Members of Business for Social Responsibility More Socially Responsible?

This study examines the association between corporate social performance (CSP) practices and membership in Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) between 1992 and 2006. BSR is a business association that seeks to help its members adopt enhanced CSP practices. While there is an emerging literature examining voluntary initiatives as alternative policy mechanisms to regulations, most research is focused on initiatives that emphasize environmental protection. Further, studies suggest that membership in strictly voluntary initiatives tends to be associated with lower environmental performance because of “free‐riding” behavior by participants. BSR differs along two dimensions when compared with other voluntary initiatives examined in the literature. First, it is a comprehensive voluntary social initiative that helps firms from diverse industries address multiple CSP issues simultaneously. Second, it might limit opportunism by not offering blanket certification to its participants. Our results indicate that BSR members exhibit greater levels of positive social impacts without demonstrating significantly different levels of negative social impacts. This suggests that participation in voluntary initiatives that avoid granting blanket certifications may be associated with the adoption of new corporate social responsibility practices but not linked to the shedding of entrenched routines that produce negative externalities.     

Assessing Measures Designed to Protect the Homeland

Some general parameters are proposed for evaluating homeland security measures that seek to make potential targets notably less vulnerable to terrorist attack, and these are then applied to specific policy considerations. Since the number of targets is essentially unlimited, since the probability that any given target will be attacked is near zero, since the number and competence of terrorists is limited, since target-selection is effectively a near-random process, and since a terrorist is free to redirect attention from a protected target to an unprotected one of more or less equal consequence, protection seems to be sensible only in a limited number of instances.     

先“圈”起来：历史文化名镇名村

由文物保护单位的个体保护,扩大到对其周边环境的保护,以及对历史街区、古镇古村的保护,对一些有历史价值的建筑和体现传统风貌的古镇古村,在未入选公布名镇(村)之前,主张“先圈起来”列入保护规划,防止被拆毁。     

Preparation of a new calcite layer from calcium glycolate for the conservation of sulfated limestone artifacts

A novel preparation method of calcite layer was explored for the conservation purpose of the surface sulfation limestone artifacts. In this method, the alcoholic solution of calcium glycolate was used as a precursor of calcite layer. After application on the surface of gypsum crust on limestone by spraying, calcium glycolate can combine with the carbon dioxide spontaneously and form a compact calcite layer. The obtained calcite layer can act as a shelter and can prevent the gypsum crust from the dissolution damage of the natural precipitation. The protective properties of the calcite layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water erosion resistance, water absorption, colour difference, surface strength, and hardness test. The results revealed that the water erosion resistance, surface strength, and hardness of the treated sample were increased remarkably. Meanwhile, the intrinsic physical properties such as porosity, capillary absorption, and appearance were not affected obviously, indicating a good compatibility of the proposed protection method.     

乐山城市建设与历史文化名城保护

长期以来,由于对历史文化遗产的价值和作用缺乏认识,乐山没有处理好城市建设和古城保护的关系,城市更新和建设中出现了各类保护建筑遭到破坏;城市的特有风貌正在消失;城市的文脉被切断等问题,制约了城市的进一步发展。今天,乐山在国际旅游城市建设中,要以科学发展观为指导,严格遵循有效保护、统一管理、科学规划、永续利用的方针,树立并强化人文化理念,坚持以人为本,以人文化提高城市品位和生活质量,丰富城市建设内涵,将乐山打造成张扬个性、充满温馨、富有魅力的历史文化名城和国际旅游城市。     

"人文奥运"与当代北京城市建设

北京为申办和举办2008年奥运会提出了"绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运"理念,而其中的"人文奥运"有着极其丰富的内涵,我们不但要从与时俱进、发展创新的角度来看待它,还要从使北京走向世界、让世界了解北京的角度来理解它,从促进北京发展、推进北京社会文明进步和加强北京城市文化环境建设来落实"人文奥运",在保护好北京这个历史文化名城的基础上,展现给世人一个将现代化建设和古都风貌完美结合的大都市.     

西周父盉的铸造技术特征及其保护处理

作者通过X光照相无损检测分析方法,搞清了西周癧父的现状;以及器物与体连接部位和盖内部的结构形貌,并主要介绍了该器物的铸造技术特征和保护处理方法。     

论西安历史文化名城的可持续性保护

保护历史文化名城已为人们所普遍关注,可持续发展理念是处理发展与保护过程中矛盾的基本手段,为克服城市诸多矛盾与问题提供了基本的思路。文章分析了西安历史文化名城保护中的主要问题,指出西安应从城市的发展战略、规划布局、城市设计等方面统筹历史文化名城的保护,综合协调城市社会经济发展和历史文化遗产保护的关系,现代城市建设有机承继城市的历史文化精神。     

经济发展与环境保护之关系研究

本文运用可持续发展理论阐述了区域经济发展与生态环境保护之间的关系。文中分析了对环境与发展之间关系的两种认识误区:不计自然成本的经济增长决定论的发展观念和消极保护自然环境的零增长观念。并阐述了可持续发展观对于环境与发展之间关系的认识,树立环境与发展相互协调的观点,追求经济、生态、社会三位一体的发展。针对我国的实际情况,提出坚持可持续发展,走环境与发展相结合的道路,必须:转变经济增长方式;控制人口数量、提高人口素质;采取节约型资源战略,开展资源综合利用;加强环境治理,保护生态平衡。     

Biodeterioration dynamics of marine wreck-sites determine the need for their in situ protection

The condition of a wooden shipwreck varies considerably according to the nature of the site environment. Each marine site exhibits a unique biodeteriogenic potential influenced by prevailing hydrographic factors. The potential rate of degradation of organic archaeological material can be determined by monitoring the diversity and activity of marine organisms and is important in determining if in situ protection is required. To illustrate the deteriogenic potential of marine archaeological sites a cold water site (Langstone Harbour, UK) was compared with a warm water site (Zakynthos, Greece). The warm water site supported a greater diversity and activity of wood-boring crustaceans and molluscs than the cold water site. However, although the mycodiversity at the two sites was different the deteriogenic potential was similar. These results indicated that warm water sites are more hazardous and in situ protection is required during and after excavation.