Trauma and pathology of a buried dog from San Nicolas Island,California, U.S.A.

To date more intact dog remains have been found on San Nicolas than on any of the other seven California Channel Islands. However, little is known about them. During the 2007 summer field season we excavated a medium sized young male dog in a flexed burial position from a pit at CA-SNI-25, a large Native American village site. The dog exhibits hypodontia, noticeable tooth attrition, severe scapular trauma, and vertebral, rib, and phalanx pathologies. Most of the injuries appear to have resulted from a severe blunt force trauma of unknown origin and it is likely the dog would not have survived without human care. The results of our analysis contribute to the, somewhat limited, published data on archaeological dogs in California. In this paper we describe the biological characteristics of the dog especially his anomalies and pathologies and compare them with published reports of other North American archaeological dogs with similar conditions.     

史孝山《出师颂》的史实与文字考异

史孝山《出师颂》是一篇著名的文赋,曾被收入南朝梁太子萧统辑录的《文选》中。故宫博物院新近购藏的隋贤章草书《出师颂》(又称绍兴本《出师颂》)。是现存最早的书写此文的墨迹。本文通过研究东汉时期的相关史实来分析《出师颂》一文的创作主旨、征引典故的含义,考辨其作者的身份。并综合历代关于此文的抄本、刻本和拓本,对隋贤书《出师颂》进行文字校勘,以期从文献学的角度来研究绍兴本的书写时代及其与其他传本的关系。     

Legal heritage and urban slums

This paper studies the effect of legal origins (common law vs. civil law) on contemporary slum formation in developing countries. First, we provide a cross-country correlation analysis. Second, we provide a regression discontinuity analysis using household data from Cameroon. The results suggest that a common law heritage is associated with a lower probability of slum conditions. The legal philosophies transplanted through colonization appear to be associated with the pattern of contemporary urban housing stocks in developing countries.     

First evidence of the production of Ginalski E5 button spurs from copper alloy in Central Europe

Ginalski-type E5 button spurs made from a Cu alloy are a characteristic attribute of the Middle Roman period in barbarian Europe. The find of part of a mould made of non-ferrous metal at the Luleč site in the district of Vyškov, Czech Republic, provided key evidence for explaining the issue of their production. The discovery of this unique artefact showed that based on current knowledge, the spurs made from a Cu alloy were also produced in the Middle Danube region and not only in Northeast Europe as had previously been thought.     

The Archaeology of the Plateau of Northwestern North America During the Late Prehistoric Period (3500–200 <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">B.P.</Emphasis>): Evolution of Hunting and Gathering Societies

The Plateau of northwestern North America offers one of the world's most important records of hunter–gatherer cultural diversity and evolutionary process. During the late prehistoric period, Plateau hunter–gatherers participated in a wide variety of mobile and sedentary mobility regimes, maintained diets emphasizing anadromous fish, roots, and larger game animals, and held patterns of social organization spanning egalitarian through ranked societies. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of the final 3500 years of human occupation on the Plateau that includes two primary goals. First, we provide a new chronology of late prehistoric cultural change and stability that integrates data from the Northern or Canadian Plateau and the Southern or Columbia Plateau. Second, we offer new ideas concerning the emergence, dispersal, and diversification of Plateau hunting and gathering societies. We close with recommendations for Plateau archaeology in the 21st century.     

高寒地区土地资源利用评价的GIS支持研究——以青海海北藏族自治州为例

土地资源是人类生存的基本资料和劳动对象,是人地关系系统中一个重要的物质信息载体,是评价人类生境的一个重要对象。土地利用是人类在现阶段生产力水平下,对区域土地资源的开发程度和利用情况。土地资源的现状评价,是反映人地关系协调程度的一个重要手段。本文采用目前广泛使用的GIS先进技术手段,对青海省海北藏族自治州土地资源的利用现状进行了评价。表明了GIS技术对该区域土地利用评价起到了缩小工作量,提高精确度的作用。并且从土地利用角度对海北州人地关系现状进行了描述。     

世纪之交中国文化和自然遗产保护与利用的关系

世界遗产具有很高的自然科学和历史文化价值。由于自然力对世界遗产的长期破坏和20世纪的工业化进程的影响,一项旨在保护全人类共同文化和自然遗产的《世界遗产公约》应运而生。世纪之交,中国的世界遗产和国家级遗产(国家级风景名胜区)也正面临着无节制的旅游开发行为的巨大威胁。本文以泰山索道工程为例,提出运用最低安全标准(SMS)界定遗产地保护与利用两者之间的度。文章指出,遗产价值的挖掘将随着社会的发展逐渐被深入下去,功能分区是处理当前遗产地保护与利用关系的可行手段。     

城市空间扩散增长模型与模拟

城市模型模拟是上世纪90年代上半期形成并迅速发展的地学计算理论、方法与应用研究的最重要领域,国外以M. Batty为代表的规划与地理学家们进行了开创性的研究,取得了很多有用成果。本文借鉴这些学者的研究思路,从城市土地利用与开发的视角,利用疾病感染、传播机理的模拟方法,研究城市空间扩展、演化动力学过程的模型模拟问题;为模拟城市土地开发利用在不同阶段的表现与特征,研究了基本模型的不同变换形式;讨论了基于细胞自动机模型的城市空间扩展模型的计算结构,依据模拟结果,探讨了以城市形态扩展特征为指标进行城市分类的可行性,尝试对城市地理学的模型模拟方法作一拓展。     

“求真”才能“致用”

历史学是一门具有重大社会功能的学科。要充分发挥历史学的社会功能,就要尊重历史的真实,探索历史的真实,把握历史的真实。把握历史的真实愈深刻,历史学的知识功能、借鉴功能和指导功能发挥得就愈充分。     

西安市城市化进程中的土地利用政策研究

本文选用城市地域扩展倍数、年平均扩展速度、土地利用效益及其变化幅度等指标,从土地利用的经济效益角度分析了西安市1992-2002年10年间城市化进程中的城市地域扩展和土地利用效益问题;以非农业人口增长、经济发展和城市建设为影响因素,预测了城市用地的未来需求量。