小议郑州“河一”铁官铭画像灰陶灶

1989年郑州市博物馆收藏了一件汉代河一铁官铭画像灰陶灶。本文根据灶类明器的演变,画像风格以及铭文考察,将这件器物的年代定在东汉早中期。     

SEM,EPR and ToF-SIMS analyses applied to unravel the technology employed for pottery-making by pre-colonial Indian tribes from Pantanal,Brazil

The present work aims at elucidating the technology applied in the fabrication of ceramic objects by the ancient ceramists that inhabited the western border of Pantanal, Mato-Grosso do Sul, with the help of a multidisciplinary approach making use of chemical and physical methods of analysis. The potshards under study show the presence of different types of additives, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The dispersion of the additives within the ceramic matrix was also addressed by SEM, which shed light on the mounting technique used by the potters to assemble the ceramic vessels. Moreover, the tensile strength conferred to the pottery by the use of a specific type of additive was evaluated by applying a mechanical test. These results were correlated with the firing temperature of the potshards, determined by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).     

Assessing mussel shell diagenesis in the modern vadose zone at Lyon's Bluff (22OK520), Northeast Mississippi

This study considers the chemical alteration of archaeological freshwater shell above the water table at the Lyon's Bluff site (22OK520), a single-mound and village complex located in east-central Mississippi, and the changes in trace element concentrations between unfired and fired shell. Thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted on archaeological shell from four natural layers from Unit 20N20W, over a depth of 80 cm and spanning 450 years. ICP–MS analysis also was conducted on a modern freshwater shell subjected to kiln firing. Microscopy results indicate a pristine aragonite crystal structure in the archaeological samples. ICP–MS data show that certain trace elements within the modern shell maintain their concentration after firing at 500 °C. The broader implications are: 1) that diagenetic alteration does not hinder chemical sourcing of shell at Lyon's Bluff, and 2) that certain trace elements are more reliable than others, namely Sr²⁺, Al²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Mn²⁺, when conducting trace element provenance studies on fired-shell temper.     

安徽马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓发掘简报

2009年,安徽省马鞍山市博物馆抢救性发掘了马鞍山雨山银塘东晋墓。该墓是一座带甬道的单室砖墓,已严重破坏,但二十多件随葬品时代特征明显。出土的陶俑佐证了六朝时期男女衣著没有严格界限区分的特点,棺床和祭台构筑形式为研究长江下游东晋"凸"字形砖室墓形制演变提供了珍贵的实物资料。     

宜昌路家河遗址夏商时期陶釜研究

本文从宜昌路家河遗址最多最典型的炊器陶釜入手,主要运用统计学的方法,通过分析陶釜在数量、器形、容量、纹饰等方面的变化,总结本区夏商时期考古学文化的特点,进而探讨不同时期陶釜在发展、交流与演变,来源与去向等方面的一些问题。     

也说“商”

从“商”字甲骨演变考察,“商”字的初始系来自对史前陶鬹的象形,与商人的鸟图腾信仰有关。     

New insights on the first Neolithic societies in the Horn of Africa: The site of Wakrita,Djibouti

Abstract

The site of Wakrita is a small Neolithic establishment located on a wadi in the tectonic depression of Gobaad in Djibouti in the Horn of Africa. The 2005 excavations yielded abundant ceramics that enabled us to define one Neolithic cultural facies of this region, which was also identified at the nearby site of Asa Koma. The faunal remains confirm the importance of fishing in Neolithic settlements close to Lake Abbé, but also the importance of bovine husbandry and, for the first time in this area, evidence for caprine herding practices. Radiocarbon dating places this occupation at the beginning of the 2nd millennium b.c., similar in range to Asa Koma. These two sites represent the oldest evidence of herding in the region, and they provide a better understanding of the development of Neolithic societies in this region.     

先周文化研究述论

先周文化一直是考古学界关注的问题之一。自上世纪30年代至今,对于先周文化的研究,大致经历了三个阶段,形成了四种主要的观点。通过对刘家文化、郑家坡文化、关中西部商文化、碾子坡文化等的分析,我们认为郑家坡文化与西周文化一脉相承,以联裆鬲等为代表的文化因素是周人的固有文化因素。     

夹砂陶器掺合料的初步研究

夹砂陶是陶器中非常重要的一个品种,特别是作为炊煮器是古人生活中不可或缺的日用器具。对夹砂陶器中掺合料的研究能够反映当时夹砂陶的制作工艺,也可以用来探讨掺合料的来源以及当时手工业分工以及产品的流通等问题。为此,本研究主要利用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱分析等技术手段对河南灵宝西坡遗址出土夹砂陶器中人工分离出的掺合料进行了初步分析,讨论了其中掺合料的类别、所占比重及来源。结果表明,西坡遗址出土的红褐色夹砂陶中掺合料的矿物成分主要以长石、石英、云母为主,而对样品及砂粒的称重结果表明,一些样品所用掺合料的比重可达20%左右。同时,对该遗址出土石料的分析表明,石料的物相组成与掺合料相似。另外,结合对良渚古城遗址夹砂陶器的分析结果,提出古代夹砂陶器的掺合料很有可能一部分来自于当时石器和玉器等加工废料的论断。研究成果为今后有关陶器掺合料的研究提出了新的方法和思路,同时也为探讨古代手工业生产的专业化模式提供依据。     

江苏泰州南山寺大雄宝殿彩画颜料分析

泰州南山寺历史上曾为皇家寺院,现为江苏省文物保护单位。2019年南京博物院对南山寺大雄宝殿的古建彩画进行保护方案设计,是1949年以来首次对该建筑彩画进行检测分析。通过少量颜料采样,进行超景深显微观察、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜能谱分析和拉曼光谱分析。结果表明红色颜料为朱砂,蓝色颜料为人造群青,绿色颜料为氯砷钠铜石,白色颜料为石灰石。检测分析结果为江苏地区较高等级的寺观建筑研究提供了重要信息。