关于黄南州经济更好更快发展的思考

近几年来,国家对藏族聚居区经济建设尤为重视,先后出台了一系列政策。对黄南藏族自治州来说,这是一个难得的历史性机遇。为此,必须认真总结黄南州经济社会发展的经验和教训,深入研究国家藏族聚居区建设政策,推动黄南州经济更好更快更大发展。     

论抗战时期华北沦陷区的“村政建设”

1941年太平洋战争爆发前后,日本在国际上更加孤立。在物资贫乏、战争迁延日久、军需储存消耗殆尽、兵源枯竭及劳动力缺乏的情形下,日军对华北的依赖性日益加大。在华北,丰富的资源和广大的人力散布在农村,而农村又掌握在中国抗日革命的势力手里,华北日军只控制着寥若晨星的点和线。华北日伪通过"村政建设"向敌后抗日军民展开农村争夺战。"村政建设"主要源于中国历史上统治者控制乡村的统治术,也仿效了日本和伪满洲国的"街村制",体现了日伪利用中国旧有制度,实行法西斯统治的狡诈性。其目的在于根绝共产党及八路军抗日活动的民众基础。随着日军无条件投降,华北日伪的"村政建设"彻底破产。     

江汉平原农户日常消费空间演变及影响因素研究

消费空间变化是透视当代乡村地域系统演变的重要视角.基于江汉平原公安县农户抽样调查和实地访谈数据,以微观分析描绘农户消费场景变化、宏观分析勾画农户消费空间演变,以多元线性回归解析乡村消费演变影响因素.研究表明:①微观上,农户消费区位频次趋于增加、区位类型趋于分化,低等级商品消费向低等级购物地扩散、高等级商品消费向高等级购...     

Cyclic Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced by Plain Bars

There are many reinforced concrete structures throughout the world that have been built in the past decades that lack appropriate seismic details and reinforced by plain bars. To study the behavior of such buildings, seven beams have been tested under cyclic and monotonic load. The specimens include substandard specimens, with deficient seismic details and reinforced by plain bars, specimens designed in accordance with ACI-318-99 but reinforced by plain bars, and standard specimens reinforced by deformed bars. The tests indicate that the substandard specimens sustain relatively large slip of longitudinal bars, separation of specimen relative to foundation and sliding at large deformation phase, low initial stiffness ratio, limited lateral displacement capacity, and loss of nominal yield strength. The specimens reinforced by plain bars in accordance with ACI-318-99 perform almost similar to standard specimens with deformed bars, in terms of elastic stiffness and lateral displacement ductility; but, they sustain larger slip, and smaller yield strength. Failure of all specimens reinforced by plain bars is characterized by flexural cracks without visible shear failure. Residual shear strength of substandard specimens is modeled by dowel action of longitudinal bars to predict a lower limit for lateral strength of the specimens.     

SOCIAL-GEOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS IN THE REGULATION OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN A DEVELOPED SOCIALIST SOCIETY

An analysis of the impact of social development on forms of settlement and of the reverse impact of settlement forms on social processes. The author challenges the view that spatial forms have no bearing on social processes. The point is made by tabulating types of social contacts at various spatial levels and for different forms of settlement, from household to large urban agglomeration. The significance of information flows at different spatial levels is discussed. Large cities are found to have potential for the development of material and spiritual benefits that are lacking in smaller places. But since an integrated economy also requires smaller forms of settlement, ways must be found to provide a minimum set of material and cultural services at the lower level as well. Recommendations for raising the level of living in smaller Soviet populated places are offered.     

Dairy Farming and Milk Marketing Relationships in the CIS

A team of Western and CIS agricultural economists presents the results of a cross-national survey of 916 dairy farms located in Armenia, Moldova, and Ukraine. The focus on milk marketing and supply chain relationships reflects their importance as determinants of farmers' welfare. Survey findings cover herd sizes, milk yields, investment activities, prices, sales to processors, and relationships with and support from buyers. An analysis of farmer satisfaction based on use of an ordered probit model, highlights the significance of trust and support measures. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, P32, Q13. 8 tables, 37 references.     

Following the plot of Bengt Pohjanen's Meänmaa: narrativization as a process of creating regional identity

This paper discusses the artistic and cultural work of one minority author and regional activist, Bengt Pohjanen, and how it constitutes a means for mediating regional identity narratives, constructing Meänmaa, the region straddling the border between Sweden and Finland in the Tornio River Valley. We will approach narrativization as a creative social action, focusing on the performative, social and political aspects of regional stories, and by this means impugning the division between territorial, bounded, and networked, unbounded, conceptualizations of regions. We will follow the narrative plot of Bengt Pohjanen's Meänmaa, pointing out how an artistic and cultural region becomes part of our social reality and how regional consciousness and identity become established and constantly renegotiated within and across national borders.     

Narrative claims on regions: prospecting for spatial identities among social movements in Finland

Regions have been regarded as processes, artefacts and discourses, and recently as ‘brands’ that various stakeholders use in marketing. Discourses on institutional regions are typically promoted by media, governmental bodies and planning organizations that draw on reputed collective regional identities—the expressions of past and current social discourses and cultural practices. However, such institutional regional discourses are often incongruous to spatial imaginaries of everyday life. This article scrutinizes the meanings of spatial attachment to citizens and explores to what extent regional identities are meaningful in everyday life. To avoid biased assumptions, focus-group interviews were carried out within four Finnish provinces among the members of four social movements. The results show that provincial spaces are not actively thought-and-practiced. Spatial identities are rather structured around personal experiences that typically accumulate in several locales, since personal histories are increasingly characterized by mobility. This article also recognizes that the everyday meanings of a socially constructed region are often generationally read and combine different historical narratives.     

Australia and the challenges of order-building in the Indian Ocean region

This article considers the regional order-building challenges that Australia presently confronts in the Indian Ocean region (IOR). The author argues that while regional stability within the IOR constitutes an increasingly important Australian security interest, policy makers will struggle to translate the order-building strategies they have previously pursued in East Asia into an Indian Ocean context. In East Asia, Australia has historically pursued a ‘dual track’ order-building strategy centred on its participation in a US-dominated ‘hub and spokes’ alliance system alongside multilateral regional engagement. The absence of an equivalent alliance system or an established tradition of multilateral security diplomacy conversely precludes an extension of this strategy into the IOR. Growing tensions between the USA and China and between China and India, meanwhile, further complicate IOR security dynamics, while underscoring the urgent need for a more coherent approach to regional order-building. With these challenges in mind, the author concludes by proposing a range of bilateral, minilateral and multilateral initiatives that Australia should pursue to stimulate the emergence of a more cooperative IOR security environment.