定边郝滩东汉壁画墓绿色底层颜料分析研究

本研究以定边郝滩东汉壁画墓中绿色底层为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜(PLM)、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼光谱(RS)分析了绿色底层的成分与物相,同时和四种已知国外绿土相比较,得出绿色底色为绿土,对其进行深入分析研究以期为考古学和后期文物保护工作提供科学信息。     

甘肃省天水伏羲庙壁画颜料显微分析

为了解甘肃省天水伏羲庙壁画的制作工艺和颜料成分,采用偏光显微镜、显微拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜-能潜分析对6个样品进行了分析。结果表明,所使用的颜料为矿物质颜料,多为绿,白、红、蓝色等。其绿色颜料为人造碱式氯化铜,白色颜料碳酸钙,红色为朱砂和铅丹,蓝色颜料为青金石。     

甘肃东千佛洞二窟和七窟壁画使用颜料的研究

采用现代分析测试技术,对甘肃东千佛洞西夏和元代壁画的24个颜料样品进行了分析检测,查明了绘制壁画所使用颜料成分,并对壁画制作工艺和病害机理进行了探讨。     

中国西北地区古代壁画彩塑中的含铅白色颜料

本文叙述了我国西北地区探测发现的铅白（类）、角铅矿、碱式硫碳酸铅、硫酸铅、氯化铅、羟基氯化铅、磷氯铅矿砷铅矿（类）等九种含铅白色颜料。它们在我国有丰富而悠久的历史。它们可能来源自矿物,也有可能是人造的。天梯山石窟有丰富的含铅颜料品种;麦积山石窟大量使用磷氯铅矿砷铅矿类颜料,是上述石窟使用颜料特征之一     

EDXRF analysis of pigment used for the decoration of Mleiha pottery

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was utilized for the analysis of the elemental composition of pigment used to decorate pottery artifacts belonging to the Mleiha period (3rd c. B.C–3rd c. A.D).     

Characterization of Pigment and Binder in Badly Conserved Illuminations of a 15th‐Century Manuscript

In this work we report a pre‐restoration spectroscopic study by a multi‐technique approach on the green pigment and the binder used in illuminations in a codex of the late 15th century. Our analysis aimed to characterize the badly deteriorated parts of the codex, mainly the green parts, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR). We will show that a combined study by EPR and IR spectroscopies on model systems allowed us to refine the general information obtained with the other techniques and to identify the binding media surrounding the chromophore Cu(II) ion.     

Minateda rock shelters (Albacete) and post-palaeolithic art of the Mediterranean Basin in Spain: pigments,surfaces and patinas

The inorganic and organic fractions of two microsamples of prehistoric paint from the same site, the Minateda rock shelters, are analysed here for the first time. The two samples correspond to two rock shelters of different styles (Levantine and schematic) – Abrigo Grande de Minateda (The Great Rock Shelter of Minateda) and Abrigo del Barranco de la Mortaja (Del Barranco de la Mortaja Rock Shelter). Since its discovery, historiographical tradition has emphasised the Abrigo Grande de Minateda, with its magnificence and complexity, as emblematic of the origin and evolution of rock art in the Mediterranean Basin of the Iberian Peninsula (a UNESCO World Heritage Site). Four complementary techniques –Microphotography, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Raman Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS)– were combined to identify and characterise the physicochemical properties of the paint and of the surface. We present an interpretation of the results that leads us to define complex taphonomic alterations beyond the usual distinction of layers that include the surface, pigments and patinas.     

Identification of colourants in icons of the Cretan School of iconography using Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography

The stratigraphies of twenty five (25) samples removed from twenty (20) icons of the Cretan School of iconography are studied using Optical Microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The objects are dated in 15th–17th c. and belong to the collection of the Benaki Museum, Athens, Greece. Cinnabar, red ochre, minium, yellow ochre, azurite, malachite, lapis lazuli, lead white, carbon black, and indigo are identified in the cross-sections of the icon samples using Raman spectroscopy.     

偏光显微粉末法在秦俑、汉阳陵颜料鉴定中的应用

为探索偏光显微粉末法在颜料鉴定中的应用,利用该方法并辅以显微化学法,对采自秦俑和汉阳陵等地颜料的晶体颗粒的大小、形状、颜色、表面形态、折射率、双折射率和消光性等光学性质分别进行了测定。结果表明,鉴定出秦俑样品中有10种颜料,汉阳陵中有5种颜料,且秦俑的紫色颜料中加入的朱砂与汉阳陵相比颗料较大数量也较多。说明了该方法可鉴别古代无机和有机颜料,并可望用于岩石、陶瓷、锈蚀物等方面的分析。     

汉阳陵文物彩绘的结构观察及颜料成分分析

汉阳陵彩绘文物多种多样,出土时有些保存状态良好,受环境影响较小,而有些则相反。为了弄清其内部结构原因,为文物保护提供科学依据,通过显微镜观察、X-衍射分析并结合相关文献对4类彩绘文物进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)著衣式陶俑彩绘只有一层颜料层;陶器和木马彩绘由三层构成:灰腻层、生漆有机层、颜料层;(2)漆器彩绘由2~3层漆灰-亚麻布+2层以上生漆+2~3层色漆构成;(3)陶俑和木马上的红色颜料为铁红;漆器的红色颜料是朱砂。研究建议出土时对具有生漆有机底层的彩绘即刻采取保湿措施,并采用防绉缩和加固并用的保护方法。