重庆丰都县迎宾大道古墓发掘简报

2004年,重庆市文物考古所为配合丰都县基建,联合丰都县文物管理所对基建范围内的转转田梁子、半边桥以及石宝寨三地的古代墓葬进行发掘.清理出墓葬4座,出土了陶器、铜器和铁器共计60余件,还有五铢、半两钱.这批墓葬的年代为汉至六朝.     

黑水靺鞨的装饰品及渊源

黑水靺鞨装饰品体系由A系、B系与C系组成.A系具有土著特色,B系来源于唐文化,C系来源于突厥文化.黑水靺鞨装饰品从一个侧面反映了黑水靺鞨文化的多元性.     

临沂洗砚池晋墓出土漆器考议

临沂洗砚池晋墓是近年山东地区汉晋考古的一次重要发现.在大量的珍贵文物中,漆器显得尤为受人关注.本文结合考古资料,对这批漆器的器形种类、制作工艺、铭文以及产地等相关问题,进行了分析和探讨.     

乌尔第三王朝温马地区法庭判案文件译注与简析

乌尔第三王朝时期的法庭判案文件,苏美尔语称为"di-til-la",意为"最终裁决".吉尔苏出土文献最多,在温马也出土了少数泥板,基本上属于财产争诉案件.与吉尔苏的相比,温马的法庭判案文件有自己的特点.本文根据出土于温马地区的20块判案泥板文书,探讨了乌尔第三王朝时期温马地区的民法案例以及涉及的经济和社会制度.     

Pollen-Analytical Results from Lake Katajajärvi – Aspects of the History of Settlement in the Finnish Inland Regions

Abstract

The Early Metal Period (1800 cal BC–AD 300) of the Finnish inland regions is characterized by a scarcity of archaeological remains. Its latest stages, in particular, have proved to be difficult to interpret. This paper discusses the continuity of settlement in the Early Metal Period as indicated by archaeological survey and pollen-analytical data. The study area is situated in Repovesi National Park in southeastern Finland. The pollen analysis was constructed from a sediment sequence taken from Lake Katajajärvi. The archaeological survey data from Repovesi National Park supports earlier hypotheses of the small number of Early Metal Period sites. In the pollen data, the first anthropogenic impact is recorded from about 2600 BC onwards, with weak signs of cultivation around 2370 BC. From around 1900 BC onwards a clear change in tree, shrub and herb pollen percentages indicates anthropogenic impact, possibly grazing, in the area. The pollen-analytical results also revealed a cultivation period of about 900 years at the end of the Early Metal Period, providing proof of continuity in settlement during a period characterized by a scarcity of archaeological material. A new beginning of cultivation from cal AD 1160 to 1250 onwards can be considered as indicating population growth, developing settlements and the colonization of new areas. The results from Repovesi are challenging from an archaeological point of view, because they represent slash-and-burn cultivation that appears to have been practised in total wilderness conditions. Comparison of the Lake Katajajärvi results with other areas raises new questions that call for a discussion of early slash-and-burn cultivation in new perspective.     

Pre-Columbian Ring Ditches along the Yacuma and Rapulo Rivers,Beni, Bolivia: A Preliminary Review

Abstract

Pre-Columbian farmers built a variety of earthworks in the Llanos de Mojos, part of the Bolivian Amazon. Raised fields, canals, causeways, and mounds of various types in this region date to ca. 800 B.C.–A.D. 1600. In central Mojos, archaeological work was carried out along the Yacuma, a large west-bank tributary of the Mamoré River. Four ring ditches and two areas of associated raised agricultural fields were mapped. The Global Positioning System was used to document earthworks under the forest canopy which were analyzed within a Geographic Information System. Ceramic evidence is also included. The ring ditches in this study expand the known range of such earthworks in Mojos by 200 km. This revised distribution of ring ditches changes interpretations of the long-term history of Arawak speakers in Mojos and throughout Amazonia. While earthworks in Mojos clearly represent systems of intensive agriculture, they cannot be associated only with Arawak speakers or with Arawak languages.     

Assessing Ceramic Compositional Data: A Comparison of Total Reflection X‐ray Fluorescence and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis On Late Iron Age Spanish Celtiberian Ceramics

A solid‐phase, non‐chemical processing protocol was recently developed as a means of chemically characterizing archaeological ceramics by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF). Following this methodology, TXRF can provide semi‐quantitative determinations for 18 elements with comparable levels of precision and accuracy for the majority of them in comparison with a clay reference material analysed by instrumental neutron activation (INAA). In order critically to assess the analytical capabilities of TXRF, a large sample set of Late Iron Age Spanish Celtiberian ceramics and modern clays was analysed both by TXRF and INAA. Semi‐quantitative chemical data provided by TXRF and quantitative data provided by INAA were subjected to commonly used multivariate statistical methods as a way of evaluating the ability of the new technique to discriminate among different compositional groups. The comparison of the two data sets shows no significant discrepancies, thereby allowing support for the same archaeological interpretation. These results suggest that TXRF has potential applicability for compositional characterization of archaeological ceramics, providing data that are useful for provenance studies.     

中原龙山城址的聚落考古学研究

在夏商周文明发祥的中原地区,诸多龙山城址已具早期城市性质,并形成了以城址为中心、明显具有不稳定性和对抗性特点的扇形聚落群布局结构.其中聚落群同盟组织的存在可能是扇形聚落群成立的社会基础,而导致扇形聚落群及其同盟组织发生的原因则应是中原地区居民所面临的巨大生存压力.     

沈阳市何时开始建城考

关于沈阳何时开始建城的问题,史学家一般都认为始于辽东郡候城县的建立。但对于候城的建置年代,则有不同的看法,有的认为是在汉代,有的认为是在战国时。木文以历史文献记载和新近考古发现为依据,结合前人的研究成果,进一步证明候城建置不始于西汉王朝,而始于战国时的燕园。     

山东新石器时代环境考古信息及其与文化的关系

本文通过对鲁中南山前平原西部９处史前文化遗址动植物遗存的综合分析,获得了有价值的史前环境信息。作者还根据史前遗址的分布复原了史前海岸线与鲁西地貌;介绍了对胶东半岛贝丘软体动物的研究状况;并对上述史前环境信息与文化的关系作了探讨。