试论《聊斋志异》中的诗意美

《聊斋志异》是中国古典短篇小说发展的高峰和总结,其中的优秀作品堪称真正的美文。尤其是那些用奇幻的笔墨写出而又充满人间气息,描写爱情和歌颂妇女的作品,更是含蓄婉约,泛射出作者理想的光彩。本文从诗意环境、人物形象、故事情节三个方面入手,阐述《聊斋志异》中的诗意关。     

Sticky stories,fluid narratives,or vanishing tales: The fate of ‘nations’ in a globalised world

In the scientific methodology of Karl Popper the following deductive sequence is stressed: initial problems, tentative solutions, error elimination, resultant problems. This sequence produces two difficulties, concerning the source of the initial problems and the criteria for testing the proposed solutions. Discussion of these problems is relevant to geography, where they have arisen as in any other science. Particularly relevant to geography is Popper's scheme of the “three worlds”: World 1, objective reality; World 2, subjective consciousness and appraisal; World 3, objective knowledge. Geographers study not merely World 1 but rather its logical articulation in World 3. Acceptance of such a scheme helps to reduce not only any supposed dichotomy between physical and human geography but also any supposed division between field workers and so‐called “armchair” geographers. The open‐ended approach of Poppsr's deductive sequence leads naturally to the problems of prediction and planning. The Popperian philosophy of science is finally briefly contrasted with that of T. S. Kuhn when the paradigm concept is called in question.     

The Strategic Significance of Workforce Diversity in Museums

This paper considers increasing international interest, both academic and professional, in the implications and strategic significance of workforce diversity. Drawing on research that has been undertaken principally within the field of human resource management, as well as the experiences of museum sectors internationally, the paper explores the rationale behind, and potential efficacy of, recent initiatives to enhance cultural diversity within the UK museum sector through an approach characterised by the use of positive or affirmative action. It is argued that workforce diversity will become increasingly important to the sector as, in response to changing socio-political agendas, museums are required to assume new roles as agents of social inclusion. The paper concludes by broadening the concept of ?diversity management' (which has emerged from the field of human resource management) to take account of the museum's unique goals and functions and presents a conceptual framework within which the dynamic interrelationships between diversity within a museum's workforce, audiences and programmes can be considered.     

论阳明心学与散文载道传统的进境

明中叶后,华而无实的文风渐滋日盛,以故时人每有文佞之议。在这样的情形下,同样以复兴儒道为职志的阳明心学承担起救弊之责,而阳明心学“心即理”主张下的“正心”所倡言的“师古人之心”的具体内涵也本质上暗合了散文载道传统。因此,若推本溯源的话,“师古人之心”比师古人之文无疑在学道的取资上更加勘进一步。而其对“文以载道”的影响自然不再像前代那样单纯地附道于文,实际上更要求道熔铸于心而自然流露。这样,具道于心而自然发抒之文,不论诉诸于何种内容,以何种形式表现,则文章必然充溢着道的气息而“莫非道之用也”。     

Enclosures from Below: The Mushaa’ in Contemporary Palestine

This article traces the declining fortunes of the mushaa’, a once‐prominent Levantine culture of common land. Palestinians managed to resist attempts by the Ottoman Empire and the British Mandate to break up the mushaa’. Under Israeli colonization, the remaining commons are now subject to another type of appropriation: individual Palestinian contractors seize hold of mushaa’ land and build on it. This article introduces the concept of “enclosures from below”, whilst looking at the dynamics of seizure of the commons by Palestinian refugees, who once were peasants practising mushaa’ on their lands and are now landless, some having become expert contractors. I show that the contractors consider their actions to be a form of resistance against the settler colonial project, manifested in the advancing of the Wall and settlement expansion. This is described through a case study of the Shu'faat area in Jerusalem. Changing uses of mushaa’ land reflect wider tendencies in the Palestinian national project that has become increasingly individualized.     

生物揭展剂在古书画文物揭展中的应用

揭展是书画重新装裱过程中最重要的一环。在装裱过程中所用的浆糊往往与画心、命纸很难分离,导致揭展过程复杂,且容易造成古书画的损毁。传统的水闷润揭展法对于难揭展的纸质画心极易揭晃。为解决这一问题,利用芽胞杆菌发酵产生的含有淀粉酶的胞外液制备生物揭展剂,并通过作用于宣纸老化材料验证了揭展效果。试验结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌的发酵液去除菌体并透析后获得的生物揭展剂揭展效果较好。利用扫描电镜和拉力强度检测分析了生物揭展剂对书画文物的影响。结果表明:该生物揭展剂能够降低剥离力和纤维指数,与用水闷润相比,增加了宣纸样品在闷润后的抗拉强度,且对宣纸微观结构无明显影响;观察生物揭展后100天的样品并没有霉菌生成,表明该生物揭展剂具有很好的揭展安全性。在此基础上,对成套明代水陆画进行揭展,取得了良好效果。     

太仓万丰村半泾河古船船材主要离子的测试研究

为做好太仓万丰村半泾河古船的脱盐保护工作,本研究检测了半泾河古船的第6、7隔舱板和第8隔舱龙骨及船板下淤泥样品中主要元素和离子的含量,并用电导率仪测量样品在脱盐过程中电导率的变化情况。检测结果表明,木材和淤泥中的主要元素含量高于对照样品,且主要以可溶性盐的状态存在;木材腐蚀程度也与其离子含量有关,腐蚀程度愈严重,样品的离子含量也愈大;经过脱盐处理后,脱盐溶液的电导率值降低至较低水平。测试数据将对今后古船脱盐工作有一定的指导意义。     

浅析张家山汉简《二年律令·贼律》所见刑名的刑等

本文根据张家山汉简《二年律令·贼律》律文,并结合《二年律令》其它相关律种律文对《贼律》中出现的各刑名的刑等进行了初步的分析与排序,以探求西汉初年法律的刑罚等级。     

太平天国幼天王、干王等未刊供词中的新史料及辨证

台北故宫博物院文献部藏有幼天王、干王、洪仁政、黄文英等人供词、自述共 2 8件 ,内多未刊发的重要史料 ,涉及天国晚期政治、军事、人事、生活等方面。如南京失陷后 ,幼天王、干王等南下欲投奔侍王李世贤、康王汪海洋 ,而李、汪对“迎驾”“护驾”并不积极。这些新史料对于研究太平天国历史 ,特别是天国晚期历史 ,有重要的价值。