排序方式: 共有233条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
士人命运是唐宋变革的重要着眼点,对中下层士人的研究更有助于深化这一议题。南宋士人曾丰,从入仕到改官,一直陷于人情与法度的双重困局,干谒求荐屡次碰壁,受荐磨勘变数频生,历程长达20年。曾丰个人之遭际,既是宋代广大中下层士人改官中命运的缩影,也反映出在改官制度的两重面向之下,宋朝"任人"与"任法"调和的失败。从历史角度分析,改官制度正是唐宋变革不成熟、不完全的产物。 相似文献
33.
中世纪晚期英国市场结构的转型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
前工业时期英国城乡市场体系初步形成于12至14世纪,其中各级城市市场和农村市场发挥着不同的作用。中世纪后期由于市场需求结构的变化、纺织业的兴起及出口贸易的扩大、国际性大集市的衰落、交通运输状况的改善,使得市场结构完成了从以农村市场为主体向城市市场为主体的转型。市场结构的转型改变了市场的性质,密切了城乡关系,促进了城市体系的成熟,加速了以伦敦为聚核的经济一体化进程。 相似文献
34.
‘Mother's Blood,Father's Land’: Native Title and Comparative Land Tenure Modelling for Claims in ‘Settled’ Australia
下载免费PDF全文

John Morton 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》2017,87(1):58-77
Anthropologists working in the field of Australian native title are required to piece together the early laws and customs of claimant groups and assess the degree to which these have continued since the assumption of British sovereignty. The former task is often difficult in south‐eastern Australia because of a lack of good quality early records. I suggest here that there are general principles of Aboriginal land tenure that can be recovered from elsewhere in Aboriginal Australia, where the ethnography is of a better standard, and these can be used as a guide for working with the patchier materials characteristic of the south‐east. The principles mainly cohere around the organic relationship between patrilineal descent and complementary filiation, and are shown to be relevant to the modelling of contemporary south‐eastern tenure, where people speak of ‘bloodlines’ identified with ancestral lands. 相似文献
35.
进入"十二五"后,文物保护领域面临着新的发展形势。其中,科学和技术成果转化问题受到了高度关注,成为当前文化遗产保护领域的一大热点问题。目前,由于我国文化遗产保护科技成果转化的特殊性和相关领域科技事业发展的阶段性,文化遗产保护科技供给与需求脱节,科技成果转化率不高。针对这种状况,国家应建立激励评价体制,促进文博系统内外的合作,保证科技成果的有效供给和有效需求。 相似文献
36.
中共十六大以来,中国军事变革在科学发展观的指导下,注重实际,突出重点,逐步展开。中国军事变革在走复合式发展道路、调整体制编制,整合资源、投入数字化战场建设,实施人才战略工程、加强人才队伍建设,开展战法研究、加强联合作战训练等方面所取得的成就是巨大的,经验十分丰富。 相似文献
37.
明末统治阶级的横征暴敛及连年自然灾害,促使农民大起义暴发。李自成农民义军攻入北京,推翻明王朝后,紧接着吴三桂引清军入关。随着全国社会主要矛盾的急剧变化,农民起义军由原之反对明王朝统治转为联合明宗室所建南明政权共同抗清斗争。 相似文献
38.
当代中国政府正面临着由传统的管制型政府向现代的服务型政府的转型,这需要当代中国政治哲学予以学理性关注。社会层级结构理论是把握马克思哲学本性而面向中国问题的当代中国政治哲学新范式,权力至上的传统社会层级结构对当代中国政治实践具有深刻影响。因此,需要从改造深层社会结构入手,逐步改造传统社会层级结构,把自上而下的金字塔式社会层级结构转变为中国共产党领导下的市场经济、服务型政府和公民社会所构成的三维制约的社会结构,以推进当代中国政府转型。 相似文献
39.
Donald M. J. Provan 《Norwegian Archaeological Review》2013,46(1):30-41
Soil investigations have been carried out at an Iron Age farm site lying under natural vegetation. The soils of the area were mapped and described, and soil samples analysed for pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, acid‐soluble phosphorus, and available sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Two soil types were distinguished on the mineral soils ‐ Brown Podzolic Soils and Iron Humus Podzols. The former are associated with a higher pH, higher phosphorus contents, and a lower carbon‐nitrogen ratio. These differences arc difficult to explain by natural causes, and arc ascribed to cultivation and manuring of the soil during the occupation of the site. 相似文献
40.
James L. Smith 《European Review of History》2014,21(6):799-816
Following the voyages of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the New World of the Americas entered the cartographic and moral consciousness of Europe. In the 1500 mappa mundi of Juan de la Cosa, navigator and map-maker, we see Europe as a hybrid moral entity, a transitional blend of the medieval and the modern at the crossroads between two mappings of Europe. This paper argues that the Juan De la Cosa map represents a blurred transition between map-making traditions and a mixed moral rhetoric of European identity. The De la Cosa map operates across two sets of imagined axes: held horizontally, the map is set to a Ptolemaic grid with Europe straddling the Prime Meridian, and yet when held vertically it presents a medieval moral continuum in which the Americas occupy an ascendant position, a verdant new Jerusalem in contrast to the Babylon of the Old World. Europe is both drawn to the centre of a new world order, and also pushed to the moral margins in an echo of the medieval mappa mundi still imperfectly resolved. 相似文献