Patagonian Cinnamon and Pepper: Blending Geography in Alonso de Ovalle’s Tabula Geographica Regni Chile (1646)

ABSTRACT

The context and conditions under which early modern Europeans created images and maps that blended Asian and American geographies have recently received the attention of scholars. In this article I explore an example of this practice in the Chilean Jesuit Alonso de Ovalle’s mapping of Asian spices as it affected the southern region of his Tabula geographica regni Chile (Rome, 1646). I examine Ovalle’s inclusion of cinnamon and pepper in the Patagonian landscape as a persuasive allusion to the crucial role of the Strait of Magellan in his proposed revision of the trade route of the Spanish galleons.     

A new Early Permian bivalve fauna from the Río Genoa Formation,Patagonia, Chubut Province,Argentina

Fourteen Bivalvia species are described from the Lower Permian Río Genoa Formation, exposed in the southern Tepuel-Genoa Basin (Chubut Province, Argentina), of which one, Fletcheripecten genoensis, is new. The studied specimens are well preserved, retaining fine details of the ornament and shell morphology. Palaeotaxodonta is represented by two species of Nuculopsis and four species of Phestia; Pteriomorphia by five species in five genera; and Heteroconchia by three informal species. Most of the species recorded also occur in the northern part of Tepuel-Genoa Basin and allow demarcation of new and distinct marine intervals in the Río Genoa Formation, which was classically interpreted to represent continental deposits. The bivalve fauna confirms a Cisuralian (Early Permian) age for the Río Genoa Formation and offers potential for improved regional and global correlations.     

The southernmost records of Anhingidae and a new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the lower–middle Miocene of Patagonia,Argentina

New bird fossils from the Santa Cruz Formation (lower–middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina, are described. They represent an indeterminate species of the extinct anhingid Macranhinga and a new genus and species of basal Anatidae Ankonetta larriestrai. The record of the giant darter Macranhinga constitutes the southernmost record for the family, and expands the known stratigraphic range of the genus, previously restricted to the upper Miocene. Based on an analysis of the fossil anhingid record from South America, we hypothesize that giant darters disappeared from South America in the early Pliocene due to climatic deterioration, regression of marine and freshwater environments, the arrival of placental carnivorous mammals, and also probably by competition with phalacrocoracid cormorants. The new anatid Ankonetta is based on an incomplete but informative tarsometatarsus, with superficial similarities to extant Dendrocygna. A brief overview of several fossil ducks from the Patagonian Cenozoic concludes that most pre-Pliocene examples belong to non-anatine taxa, indicating that plesiomorphic ducks were the dominant anseriforms in those times, a pattern also evident on other continents.     

Citizen Emperor. Napoleon in Power

Abstract

The recent Italian elections have taken place under a new proportional system, but have confirmed and even strengthened the main trends already at work since the beginning of Italy's political transition. The center-left coalition has won by the slightest margin, thus ensuring the third alternation in power since 1994. The system's extreme competitiveness underscores its full-fledged bipolar format, the eclipse of center parties, and the continuing electoral stagnation and political integration of extreme left and right. These trends coexist with a party system fragmentation whose level is within the standard of other European systems of moderate pluralism and this fragmentation is, moreover, kept at bay by the coordination ensured by the majority bonus seats provided through the electoral law. At the same time, the main parties show persistently low levels of structural consolidation, that tend to hinder the stability and effectiveness of coalition cabinets. This problem might paradoxically have been sharpened by systemic competitiveness through a negative impact on coalitional discipline and the maximization of destabilizing effects of the smallest changes in electoral and parliamentary behavior.     

世界城市全球化空间的演变与重塑模式——以柏林波茨坦广场为例

全球化空间的产生与发展是世界城市以及发展中的世界城市具有普遍意义的空间议题。运用问卷分析、半结构访谈及文本分析相互佐证的数据,借助三角验证法,对柏林波茨坦广场全球化空间的形成动力与影响因素进行了系统研究。研究表明：①柏林波茨坦广场全球化空间形成的核心动力是跨国政治的作用,以一种历史层累的模式,不断杂糅、混合进生产性服务业集聚的经济动力和世界性艺术文化设施集聚的文化动力。②不同时期全球政治局势、国家及城市发展历史、政府作用、城市重建是波茨坦广场全球化空间形成的影响因素。这些因素在不同历史时期作用于波茨坦广场,综合了跨国政治、跨国经济、跨国文化的空间形态要素,引发波茨坦广场数次地景变迁与功能重组,最终形成了世界上“独一无二”的全球化空间。③波茨坦广场的重建是其全球化空间重塑的关键环节,其空间重塑模式为由单一要素主导转向多种要素融合的国家主导发展模式。对中国世界城市全球化空间的建设与治理具有启示作用。     

论小康社会的旅游转型

随着我国社会形态向小康社会的发展,旅游业也出现了相应的转型。本文论述了在转型中旅游目的的变化、旅游目的地的变化、旅游景区开发的变化和旅游服务的变化。     

转型期大城市多类绅士化现象探讨——基于广州市六个社区的案例分析

随着城市发展机制的不断复杂化,各种不同类型的绅士化现象亦不断涌现,并表现出新的空间特征与社会影响。文章对传统绅士化、新建绅士化、乡村绅士化、学生绅士化四种类型绅士化现象的起源、概念及社会影响进行了引介与综述。本文基于广州发生绅士化的六个社区的调研数据,对上述四类绅士化进行分析探讨。研究发现,广州的多类绅士化现象与西方基本类似,但也表现出内在的特征及差异性,体现了中国城市发展模式和机制的特殊性。     

长三角地区港口后勤功能转型及空间分异研究

在界定港口后勤功能内涵的基础上,本文以长三角地区为例,选择不同价值链环节上的港航服务企业为港口后勤要素,通过分析2002—2018年港口后勤要素结构变化和空间演替,从区域和城市两个尺度阐释长三角地区港口后勤功能转型及空间分异特征。研究结果表明:长三角区域及各城市的港口后勤功能均在不断优化,大型港口城市的转型态势较中小型港口城市更显著;不同城市后勤要素的增速不同,中心城市上海的高端要素增长显著快于其他城市,其他城市在中低端要素增速方面具有一定的优势;3类后勤要素的增速存在明显差异,中高端要素的增速远大于低端要素,且空间分布上较低端要素更集中;区位和行业特性共同导致港口后勤要素在不同尺度上的集散特征也显著不同。     

转型期广东省地级市发展的困境与突破重点

行政区划与区域发展的关系密切,而区域发展又不能仅仅依赖行政区划的调整来达到。况且行政区划调整应该是逐步到位的过程。因此,地级市的发展要从促进政府职能转变、实行区域管治、改变城市型政区体系、理顺地级市的空间结构等方面综合考虑。