临淄东周殉马坑的隔水保护措施及效果评价

对于潮湿的土遗址的保护,地下水和雨水渗透是破坏的主要因素,容易导致土体软化垮塌,生霉长草等。山东临淄河堐头东周殉马坑遗址的保护也遇到同样的问题。在发掘展示初期遗址比较潮湿,为了控制水导致的马骨潮湿和糟朽,使用了马骨下部化学隔水和本体化学加固的方法进行处理,但没有解决问题。考虑到必须隔绝地下水,采用了下部开挖设置拱券的保护方法,成功的控制了地下水和雨水的影响,马骨和临近土体变得干燥,且经过了30年的实践证明控制潮湿和糟朽是可行的。本工作对拱券法在河崕头殉马坑的保护中的应用进行了介绍和总结,以期对类似土遗址的保护提供借鉴。     

中国古代马戏考

"胡服骑射"是马戏产生的重要条件,"官马民养"是马戏产生的基础,汉唐帝王对舞乐百戏的大力提倡是马戏迅速发展的主要推动力量.     

To Clench or to Rivet: That is the Question

Definitions of the terms 'clench' and 'rivet' proposed by A. E. Christensen are evaluated using the etymology of those terms and recent usage. An alternative definition of 'clench', is proposed, and definitions of 'hooked nail' and 'turned nail' are introduced. It is suggested that the term 'rivet' should be restricted to ferrous fastenings used with metal plates.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

开封城墙西门北侧古马道勘探与试掘

开封城墙源于唐汴州城,北宋时期为东京城的内城,金代末年曾将其南北两墙稍加拓展,后经明、清之际的多次重修,一直沿用至今.2000年5月至7月,开封市文物工作队在开封城墙西门的北侧进行了勘探和试掘,发现有三层不同时代的马道相叠压,为研究开封城墙的历史提供了宝贵的考古资料.     

Histological identification of bone fragments in archaeology: telling humans apart from horses and cattle

In archaeology, it is not always possible to identify bone fragments. A novel approach was chosen to assess the potential of histology as an identification tool in those instances in which macroscopical study (e.g. by means of bone surface texture) has failed. This study concentrated on the diaphyses of long bones in three species of comparable size which are relevant to archaeology. Late juvenile and adult human diaphyseal bone structure was compared with the bone structure of horses and cattle. Since bone structure can differ even within a single bone, the restrictions in terms of bone category, bone part and species were deemed necessary for the development of a useful identification method for archaeological bone. The reference series comprised long bones from several individuals to broaden the insight into variations in diaphyseal bone structure within a single species. A general difference in the primary bone types was found between humans and the two large mammals. Human bone displayed lamellar bone types, whereas horses and cattle showed fibrous bone types. The only exceptions were separated growth layers. A difference in the secondary bone structure was also observed. A large number of connecting, primary (Volkmann's) canals, giving the secondary bone a reticular aspect, were common in horses and cattle. They were not, however, present in the human bones studied. To confirm the validity and applicability of these differences, a blind test was conducted on 15 diaphyseal fragments of identified long bones from archaeological sites. The results were very promising. Although four fragments could not be identified due to severe degradation, all the others were correctly attributed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高山族腰刀的材质分析与修复

收藏于复旦大学博物馆的高山族腰刀是研究台湾高山族化的珍贵物。为了了解这些腰刀材料组分,以便更好的保护它们,我们通过PIXE测得了高山族腰刀刀体和金属饰钮组分的较详细信息。此外,我们又分别对腰刀的金属刀体和木质刀鞘采取了有效的保护和修复：一是利用苯并三氮唑对刀身进行缓蚀处理,二是对破损的木质刀鞘进行了陈列修复。     

以青州为例看山东的可移动彩绘陶质、石质文物

近十几年来,青州陆续有龙兴寺佛教造像和香山汉墓彩绘陶俑出土。这些文物有一个共同特点,即彩绘保存较好,且数量很大。通过对山东其他地区出土的同类彩绘文物的色彩、纹饰等的统计,让我们对山东的彩绘陶质和石质文物的艺术特色有一个综合认识。陶质彩绘文物自大汶口文化时期出现,经历了由实用器到明器的转变,到两汉时期发展到高峰,中国雕塑的最大特色之一塑、绘结合成熟了,对其后的雕塑艺术产生了很大影响。隋唐以后,彩绘陶质明器渐渐走向衰落。目前彩绘石质文物在山东最早见于汉代画像石,在北朝时期的佛教造像上得到极大发展。继承了汉代陶俑塑、绘结合的雕塑形式,将外来的宗教艺术中国化了,其细腻的刻画,对形体比例的准且把握,使中国的雕塑艺术达到了一个高峰。     

天明六年“南部马市”铜牌的再发现

马市铜牌又可称作交子,为大理国市场管理、交易收税之凭据。     

四川广汉龙居寺中殿建筑热湿环境特征研究

为了解广汉龙居寺中殿建筑热湿环境特征,采用基于物联网技术的环境温湿度监测系统对建筑空间温度和相对湿度进行监测,分析建筑空间温湿度时空变化规律,评估建筑热湿环境特征,探讨热湿环境对文物保存的影响。结果表明,该建筑对外界环境温湿度变化具有较好的缓冲和隔离作用,建筑内部热湿环境对文物保存不利,主要体现在相对湿度高、波动大,湿度调控将是文物预防性保护的关键。建筑热湿环境为壁画酥碱和霉斑病害主要成因,同时促进了编竹夹泥墙体结构安全问题的发生。研究成果不仅丰富了对四川地区明代编竹夹泥墙木结构古建筑热湿环境特征的认识,而且为该建筑壁画病害和墙体结构安全问题的成因分析提供了依据。