Brief reflections on the journal Italianists keep

Abstract

The following three papers were given at a Round Table held at New York University's Casa Italiana in October 2005, chaired by Ruth Ben-Ghiat. As part of the events held to mark the tenth anniversary of the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, we asked our three invited speakers – Raymond Grew, Elizabeth Krause and Paolo Macry – to comment on the directions taken by the JMIS in its first decade and to set out some objectives for the future.     

由经有数家、家有数说到括囊大典、贯通六艺——论郑玄通学的产生

郑玄通学的形成背景需要进一步探讨,晚清今文家关于两汉经学一直壁垒森严,到郑玄才被打破的说法影响还很大.其实汉代的经今古文学根本没有那么壁垒森严,"通"早已是一种大趋势,这一事实已有学者申说过,但其原因,笔者以为重要的是自王莽以后朝廷的导向,这是不容忽视的,经学作为政治统治学说,朝廷的引导往往在其中起着决定性的作用.     

浅论华侨华人学科建设中的学术批评

目前 ,由于作为综合研究的华侨华人研究的学术年龄尚轻 ,其研究领域呈高度广泛性 ,各个研究领域的资料信息来源与分布呈严重不平衡性 ,以及大量资料信息呈“非原创性” ,这个拟建中的学科尚处于“嫩稚”的发展阶段。缺乏原创性资料信息的成果较多 ,阐述和分析有粗糙化倾向 ,理论建构薄弱 ,研究手段滞后。在这种情况下 ,应加强资料信息、理论和手段方面的创新与互动 ;在鼓励高水平成果的同时 ,宽容地评价来自不同层次的有一定创新的成果 ;加强同行间的学术评价及其机制的探索 ,避免质量认证手段的简单化、绝对化与概念化倾向 ;不提倡片面的逆向学术批评方式 ;增强学术合力和学者“共赢”意识 ;倡导健康的学术批评风气     

抗战前后中国知识分子对日外交立场之演变 --以中国太平洋国际学会为例

“中日关系问题”是1931-1945年间太平洋国际学会讨论的重点之一。中国太平洋国际学会的会员在“中日冲突”的问题上,先是主张忍让,继而主张抵抗,继而主张彻底打败日本。这种态度上的演变既是中国知识分子对中国及世界局势认识演变的结果,也与列强的对华政策和对日本扩张所持的态度转变有关。     

The Origin of Kinship in Oceania: Lewis Henry Morgan and Lorimer Fison

ABSTRACT This article investigates the importance of Oceania in the early study of kinship. It examines the tensions between evidence and analysis from the Pacific Islands in the development of Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of evolving kinship forms. While other sources from the Pacific islands are investigated it is focused particularly on the correspondence between Morgan and Lorimer Fison, Methodist missionary and key figure in the spread of kinship schedules and anthropological theories throughout Oceania in the 1870s. The empirical data gathered by Fison, challenged Morgan's schema and questioned the orthodox evolutionist hierarchy in Asia and the Pacific. Also investigated is the British response to this unruly evidence.     

Maritime interregional interaction in Micronesia: Deciphering multi-group contacts and exchange systems through time

Recent theoretical perspectives focusing on interregional interaction can help explain the evolution of western Micronesian societies. Data from ethnohistoric accounts, oral traditions, and more recently, archaeological investigations, document the interactions between culturally and linguistically distinct island groups in the northwest tropical Pacific. Here, I look at the nature and emergence of these interaction networks between the islands of Yap and Palau in the Western Caroline Islands of Micronesia and the implications they had for transforming indigenous lifeways, exchange systems, and sociopolitics. In particular, I discuss a major facet of these interaction spheres—the Yapese quarrying of their famous stone “money” disks in the Palauan archipelago.     

试析太平洋战争爆发后国民党的外交政策

太平洋战争爆发后,世界政治形势发生巨大变化,苏联忙于应付对德战争无暇东顾,停止了对华援助,国民党遂冷却了抗战爆发以来与苏联的密切关系,将其寻求外援的对象转向美英两国,美英为加强中国抗战也对国民党进行了巨额援助,国民党与美英关系迅速升温,借此国民党积极开展了谋求大国地位和修约外交并取得了积极的成果。     

福建学与东南亚福建学：个案透视与学术建构

本文从个人经历、个案透视与学术建构三个方面,探讨福建学与东南亚福建学的内涵与意义。作者认为,福建学不仅是把“福建”作为一个区域地理与行政单位来研究和分析的学术范畴;更重要的是,“福建”更多地是作为地缘政治经济与社会文化单位来研究的范畴。而东南亚福建学,无疑与福建、福建学密切相关。个体层面上,它是以东南亚福建人为研究主题和主要分析单元的学问。但在更大的理论架构和学术关怀层面上,它同时有对福建学、汉学甚至东南亚研究等整体性关联和参照的终极考量,无论该关联和参照是比较性的、地方性的抑或是分析性的。     

Holocene prehistory of the northernmost north Pacific

We examine evidence for Holocene contact between Asia and North America across what is now the Bering Strait, emphasizing maritime adaptation. After 10,000 B.P. residual influence of the Siberian Paleolithic is clear, and derivative Americans were moving southward along the open Pacific coast and settling in the eastern Aleutian Islands. By 6000 B.P. maritime adaptation is evident in the Kodiak Island region, and expansion westward brought colonization of the entire Aleutian chain of islands before 3000 B.P. In Asia there was marine subsistence on Hokkaido by 6000 B.P, but in the lower Amur River region, the southern and northern regions of the Okhotsk Sea, the coast of Kamchatka, and the Chukchi Peninsula no major maritime interest can be dated until after 2700 or even 2500 B.P In north Alaska, the mainland was cut off from Siberia by 6000 B.P with the rise of postglacial seas, but contact was reestablished 5000 B.P at the cultural level of the nonmaritime Siberian Neolithic. Pronounced marine orientation appears intrusively in north Alaska somewhat before 3000 B.P, when the only known source for the technology was the region extending from the Gulf of Alaska through the Aleutian Islands. Thereafter developed the maritime culture of the historic Eskimo people.     

Australia’s Detention Centre and the Erosion of Democracy in Nauru

Since 2013, the Nauru government has undermined democracy by reducing the independence of the judiciary, treating opposition MPs as potential traitors, curbing freedom of speech and restricting visits by variously defined groups of people who include journalists, Australians and New Zealanders. New Zealand responded by suspending its aid to Nauru’s justice and border control department. Australia, by contrast, has said little. The Nauru government would not have acted so boldly in curbing civil freedoms and weakening the rule of law if Australia had been less dependent on its goodwill to act as host for Australia’s Regional Processing Centre, which houses asylum seekers who have attempted to reach Australia by boat. Australia’s reliance on Nauru – driven by urgent domestic political considerations – has fostered an atmosphere where the principles of good governance can be flouted with little fear of significant criticism from Canberra.