Expanding the discursive domain of research on the New Culture Movement: An incomplete review of studies on the New Culture Movement

ABSTRACT

The discussions revolving around the common subject of the New Culture Movement have experienced a complex and convoluted history, with a discursive domain ranging from the differentiation of new and old culture, to appeals for a scientific and democratic enlightenment, to the balancing of the cultural relationship between China and the West. The New Culture tends to be regarded as development in the direction of increasing rationality, liberality, and inclusiveness, in which the pursuit of an understanding between the Chinese and Western cultures is the only path by which Chinese civilization may gain future opportunities and development.     

Asiatics and Chinamen

This article compares two clusters of polemical language. One is comprised of critical uses of the term “Asiatic” in Russian political discourse from the 1890s to the 1910s. The other is Chinese usage, in the 1920s and 1930s, of the term “Zhina,” a Japanese version of “China” which was perceived as injurious to Chinese national pride. The article traces how, in both cases, political and cultural agents criticized their own country and society by adopting an outsider’s perspective – that of the foreigner, who would classify Russia as an “Asiatic” country and call China “Zhina.” The conclusions are relevant for understanding the sources of nationalist rhetoric in modern Russia and China, with implications reaching beyond these two countries.     

Classical Chinese Poetry in Singapore

The evolution of classical Chinese poetry in Singapore is closely related to the immigration experience of Chinese intellectuals in various periods. The travelogues of the foreign trips by Chinese officials dispatched to Singapore in the late Qing dynasty, such as Zuo Binglong 左秉隆 and Huang Zunxian 黃遵憲, focused on the depiction of exotic landscapes and aimed to open up horizons. The poems written by Khoo Seok Wan 邱菽園 and Pan Shou 潘受, and numerous works published in local newspapers from the period before the Second World War to the 1970s, represented the highest achievement of characteristically classical Chinese poetry in Singapore. After the 1980s, the new type of poetry writing reflected in the “Xin Sheng Poetry Society” (Xin sheng shi she 新聲詩社) and poetic columns online was characterized by diversity in the path of communication and the choice of subject matter, as well as an overall decline in creative quality. This article attempts to present the different stages of classical Chinese poetry in Singapore and its features over the course of the century within the context of Sinophone literature.     

台美英围绕联合国中国代表权问题的交涉（1951-1955）

中国代表权问题不仅是美苏为首的两大阵营对抗的最重要的冷战问题之一,而且是美国阵营内部歧见纷呈的问题。朝鲜战争爆发后,维护台湾在联合国的中国代表权符合美国的战略利益,但是英国并不紧随美国的指挥棒合拍地起舞。台湾利用美苏阵营的尖锐对抗,以小搏大,竭力争取美国支持直接否决反对台湾在联合国的中国代表权的方案。台美英三方均有各自的立场与考量,有时限的“缓议案”是三方博弈后的产物。随着美苏阵营对抗的渐趋缓和,台湾当局所能做的必定越来越多的是妥协与退让。     

Italian fashion: yesterday,today and tomorrow

The article considers Gianna Manzini's ‘La moda e una cosa seria’ (La Donna, 1935, July, 36–37) as a forerunner of current scholarly approaches to fashion in general and Italian fashion in particular, for three reasons. First, it asserts the importance of a gendered history of fashion; second, it argues for the importance of boundaries and lines of demarcation in the study of fashion that do not pertain solely to time but also to fields, disciplines and the other arts, as well as social and political domains; third, it raises the question of the relationship between fashion and nation. In examining how and when to establish the beginning or the origin of Italian fashion, the article argues for a long history of Italian fashion that stretches as far back as early modernity, thus reframing a number of historiographical questions. The article goes on to signal the difficulty involved in establishing neat points of ruptures and origins, and continuities in any historical or cultural spectrum in view of the porosity of national boundaries; and makes the case for considering fashion, both today's and that of yesteryear, in both its national and transnational dimensions.     

故宫博物院藏《感遇诗》作者考辨

故宫博物院所藏《感遇诗》页,长期以来被视为元代著名书画家王冕的书法作品,迄今见刊于多种出版物。本文借助台北故宫博物院藏苏轼书《桤木诗》后题跋等相关文献,并结合书法风格的比较分析,提出了新的观点,将《感遇诗》归于元末明初文人严陵金冕的名下。     

馆藏清代《牧牛图》轴的微生物病害研究

馆藏书画文物易受到微生物的侵害,全面调查馆藏书画文物的微生物病害信息有助于制定相关的保护措施。本研究利用分子生物学方法,对楚州博物馆旧藏《牧牛图》轴上黑色污斑和红色污斑处的微生物进行了分离培养和鉴定,并对微生物的酶活进行了测定。结果表明:书画文物表面污染物中分离得到13个序列,它们主要隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)和根霉属(Rhizopus)。酶活测定结果提示:酯酶、类脂酯酶以及N-乙酰-β-氨基葡糖苷酶等胞外酶与微生物腐蚀相关。本研究结果为微生物对馆藏书画文物的损伤机理提供了相关的数据支撑。     

田螺山遗址灵芝遗存的三维重构及鉴定

灵芝在中国古代被誉为仙药,是当代中医药考古研究的重要线索。随着考古遗址陆续发现疑似灵芝遗存,其鉴定工作也成为当前的研究热点。传统灵芝的鉴定依靠子实体外观鉴别和孢子观察,但古代灵芝遗存很难完整保存下来,孢子观察方法需要大量标准样品对比,工作量非常大。为了更加高效地鉴别出灵芝遗存,在前人研究基础上,本研究利用显微CT成像,以田螺山遗址出土的疑似灵芝为例,对残留遗存进行了三维重构,并与当代标样进行了对比。结果表明该方法可以有效鉴别出灵芝子实体,为古代灵芝遗存的鉴别提供了新方法。与传统形貌对比方法不同,三维重构的方法不仅快捷、方便,且不受遗存外观的影响。该方法也可为其他具有特征性结构的古代植株的鉴别提供借鉴。     

Shamanic Eroticism in the Jiu ge (Nine Songs) of Early China

This article presents an analysis of certain erotic strategies employed by shamans of the early Chinese state of Chu that were intended to attract and seduce an array of spirits thought to inhabit the world of nature. These strategies are analyzed from a collection of songs gathered together under the title of the Jiu ge from the Chuci anthology, and they provide some of the clearest evidences for a tradition of early Chinese southern Chu shamanism. After setting forth certain elements of the religious, historical, and theoretical background of this shamanism, this article approaches and analyzes it in terms of the eroticized gender relations between humans and spirits upon which this shamanism is centrally based. Because the present author understands shamanism in terms of face to face communication between human beings and bodiless beings in a séance event, and because these communications are represented as taking place by way of either the shaman journeying to the spirit or the spirit coming to take possession of the shaman, the final sections of this article analyze each type of séance event separately.     

第二届中国近代思想史国际学术研讨会综述

近期召开的“第二届中国近代思想史国际学术研讨会”围绕“中国近代史上的民族主义”这一主题,就民族主义思潮的概念定义、学理渊源、发展脉络、层次类型、思想内涵、个案对象、价值评判、研究方法以及民族主义与其他思潮的关系等问题展开讨论.既是对前十多年这一问题研究的回顾与总结,也将对今后深化与拓展“中国近代史上的民族主义”的研究起到推动作用。