Raising Practices of Neolithic Livestock Evidenced by Stable Isotope Analysis in the Wei River Valley,North China

Although a patchwork of projects shows a process of agriculture intensification in North China during the Neolithic, the impact of cereal farming on animal husbandry and their mutual interaction remain cloudy. This study reports bone collagen δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of humans and animals from Wayaogou (ca 6.5–6.0 kyrs bp ) and Dongying (ca 5.9–5.6 kyrs bp , 4.6–4.0 kyrs bp ) to explore temporal trend of livestock raising and particularly the importance of millet fodder to stock raising practices in the Wei River valley, North China. The isotopic evidence overall shows that millet products increased in human and domestic animal diets during the mentioned chronological span. δ¹³C values of pigs and dogs at Dongying are higher than those at Wayaogou, implying that the importance of millet nutrients increased to animal husbandry diachronically. Interestingly, δ¹³C results of domestic cattle of Dongying late phase (−14.1 ± 1.1‰, N = 5) are more enriched than Wayaogou wild Bos (−17.8 ± 0.3‰, N = 3), indicating that millet fodder had taken a significant place in early cattle husbandry. Besides, differences between Bos species of the two periods also imply that δ¹³C values of bone collagen constitute a potential indicator for tracing the origin of cattle husbandry in North China. In addition, domestic sheep at Dongying produced similar isotope data to wild ovicaprid at Wayaogou, suggesting that they possibly had grazed for the most in grassland and therefore experienced a different lifestyle from cattle. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

元明清时期淮河流域人地关系的演变

淮河流域是我国传统农业经济区,其当前相对紧张的人地关系是历史时期不断积累的结果.根据其人地关系演进状态,可以将其人地关系的演变分为先秦时期、秦汉至北宋时期、金元明清时期三个阶段.元明清时期其人地关系已演变为严重不协调状态.黄河南泛、战乱较多、农业生产结构单一是对其人地关系影响较大的几个因素.     

Palaeolithic engravings and sedimentary environments in the Côa River Valley (Portugal): implications for the detection,interpretation and dating of open-air rock art

The pre-Magdalenian phase of the Côa River Valley open-air rock art is mostly distributed at the boundary between the rocky valley slopes and the floodplain that correspond to the most favourable geomorphological setting for the preservation of pecked and deeply superposed engravings of the most famous artistic phase of the area. The natural vertical panels of the engraved art located at this geomorphological interface have suffered weathering during two cold events of the Lateglacial. They were buried by several colluvial and alluvial deposits. The reconstruction of the sedimentary and archaeological context of the CôaRiver Valley engraving permits a better assessment of the preservation processes and interpretation of Palaeolithic open-air rock art.     

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Recreational Angling Effort in a Warm‐Temperate Australian Estuary

Among the critical issues for the management of estuarine fish resources is the need to adequately identify the extent of use by recreational fishers, and the allocation of the resource between recreational and commercial users. Recreational anglers in estuaries often target a similar range of estuarine fish species to commercial fishers. Prior to the declaration of ‘recreational fishing havens’ (estuarine waters closed to commercial netting but remaining open to recreational angling) in many New South Wales (NSW) estuaries in May 2002, the estuary of the Manning River on the central NSW coast supported the tenth most productive commercial estuarine net fishery in the State. To quantify the recreational angling effort in the Manning River estuary, progressive counts were made of shore‐based and boat‐based anglers from a small power boat from June 2001 to May 2002. Sample days (eight per month) were chosen in a stratified random fashion, taking into account the proportions of weekends, public holidays and school holidays in each month. The total recreational angling effort exerted on the estuary for the 12‐month period was 144 892 ± 3248 angler‐hours, indicating a low to medium effort compared to other NSW estuaries of similar size. Over half of the effort was exerted in the section nearest the northern entrance at Harrington. There was relatively little variation in shore‐based angling effort throughout the year, whereas boat‐based fishing increased markedly in summer. Months that coincided with NSW school holidays were most popular, especially January. More recreational fishing effort was exerted in the afternoons than in the mornings during winter, but this trend was reversed in summer. Although daily effort was much higher on weekends than weekdays, the total cumulative effort was generally similar, due to the greater number of weekdays in the year. Pilot studies of catch per unit effort indicate that the recreational catch in the Manning River estuary is probably small compared to the pre‐closure commercial catch. Therefore management strategies aimed at limiting the recreational catch are likely to have minimal impact on fish stocks in the estuary when compared with regulation of the commercial sector.     

大海参崴自由经济区规划与图们江地区规划的衔接

本文简单介绍了大海参崴自由经济区规划和图们江地区规划的设想,分析了前者与远东开放的密切联系和两个规划衔接的必要性及可能性,详细阐述两个规划衔接的具体领域,并预测了两个规划实施的必然趋势。     

《水经·洛水注》校笺及水道与政区复原(下)

《水经注》是我国古代以水道为纲记载地理信息的著名典籍,对于研究早期水道情况和政区变迁有着极为重要的意义。以往对《水经注》的研究主要集中于版本流传与郦学史方面,对郦注本文尚乏深入而细致的地理学方面的探究。因此,在文本校勘与史源探求工作的基础之上,选取《水经注》卷十五《洛水篇》作为研究对象,并利用相关文献和考古资料对郦注所记载的洛水相关水道与城邑进行全面的考释与系统的复原,不失为在《水经注》本体研究方面所进行的一次有益尝试。此外,以古今对照的形式编制出的《<水经·洛水注>河流名称古今对照表》与《<水经·洛水注>图》,不仅可以直观而形象地展现研究的结论,同时也可为相关研究者研读《水经注》提供便利。本文分上下篇,上篇已先行刊布,下编研究的范围自洛水东出散关至最终与河水交汇部分。     

铜瓦厢决口后黄河下游河道沿岸区域地形与河湖环境(1855-1911)

1855年黄河于铜瓦厢决口北徙,给下游沿岸区域地形与河湖环境造成很大影响。山东运河以西的平原地带距离决口处较近,泥沙淤积较多,地形抬高幅度明显,黄河在此区内漫流,扰乱了原有水系。汶、泗二河下游地带受黄河淤高河床的顶托,亦出现排水困难的局面,东平湖的形成与扩大即区内积水不断增多的结果。鲁中丘陵西侧平原地带,受黄河淤高河床的阻挡或黄水倒灌影响,长清至齐东各县境内的入黄河流均难以宣泄,直接促成新清河的开辟。徒马平原地带,受黄河决口改道影响,靠近黄河的徒骇河诸多支流被淤没,徒骇河则被黄水冲宽刷深,1907年黄河利津决口后,其尾闾河段亦被淤没。     

我国图们江地区开发的动态趋向及其图形演示

文章以图文结合的方式演示了我国图们江地区开发的动态趋向,揭示了该地区在未来开发过程中作为国际物流中心及交通枢纽的作用,以及地区产业开发的空间过程,进而提出了未来地区人口分布与城镇体系建设的初步设想。     

东北亚区域合作与图们江地区开发科学研究过程及其文献成果分析

本文从科学文献、学术会议、科学考察方面入手概括了东北亚区域合作与图们江地区开发的研究过程,从中分析了科学研究与实践和社会利益的相互关系及发展,指出今后研究重点和文献工作重点应放在国际关系动向及重大项目论证上。