Prehistory of Chihuahua and Sonora,Mexico

The North American Southwest includes much of Mexico as well as the southwestern United States. The area north of the international border has been studied intensively and its culture history is widely known; the portion south of the border has usually been ignored. This essay proposes a new term for the entire culture area, Northern Mexico, and provides a summary of local sequences for two states in the region, Chihuahua and Sonora. The general sequence in the U.S. Southwest (Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Ceramic periods) also holds in northwest Mexico. Preceramic occupations are poorly known. The Ceramic period saw the rise of a number of local cultures, which varied greatly in adaptation and social complexity. The basic culture pattern of Northern Mexico is derived from that of central Mexico, but direct Mesoamerican intervention in the region was apparently limited. While the issue of Mesoamerican-Northern Mexican relationships has dominated scholarly debate for decades, the greater need is to define and explain cultural variability within and between local sequences.     

走出传统:北洋政府时期的县公署制度

清代州县行政存在组织机构不健全、行政与司法不分和财政家产制等封建性弊病。北洋政府时期,县行政长官任用私人势力履行县政职能的情况开始得到改变,司法与行政开始有所分离,法制化的行政经费制度开始建立。所有这些改革均具有重要意义,标志着中国的县行政制度开始摆脱传统而走向现代。     

钧窑始烧年代考

钧窑被称为宋代的五大名窑 ,但考古工作中一直没有可信的材料证明其始烧于宋代 ,近年来国内外学界多撰文将钧窑的始烧年代定在金代以后。本文系统地介绍了 2 0 0 1年发掘禹州神刘家门窑址最早地层的出土器物 ,总结了其器形、胎釉和工艺特征。继之将其与考古发掘的窑址和墓葬材料进行对比 ,探讨了出土早期钧窑器物的窖藏、墓葬和遗址的年代 ,讨论了早期钧窑几项重要工艺的时代特征 ,结合窑址出土的纪年材料 ,证明刘家门窑第一期前段的时代为北宋徽、钦二宗时期 ,这也是钧窑的始烧时间。最后简论了钧窑是仿汝窑产生的 ,在北宋末期与汝窑同时生产。     

论南北朝交接地区的墓葬--以陕南、豫南鄂北、山东地区为中心

从南北朝交接的三个关键地区墓葬文化因素的构成,及相关的历史、地理背景和文化传统中可清晰看出,陕南、豫南鄂北、山东地区是南朝文化向北传播的三个重要通道。     

段祺瑞与善后会议

段祺瑞出任北京政府临时执政后,发起组织召开的善后会议,是中华民国史上一次颇为引人注目的大会.过去的论著基于"反军阀官僚"的理论模式,多持笼统否定的意见,缺乏深入细致的探讨.本文在前人著述尤其是近年来新成果的基础上,从原始资料出发,力求客观真实地反映出善后会议的背景、过程和影响,着重阐述段祺瑞在善后会议前后及会议期间的所作所为,从而加深对历史人物和历史现象复杂性的理解和思考.     

民族文化认同与北朝史官制度的发展

鲜卑民族之于北朝史官制度的设立、推进和创造,对发挥史学的民族文化认同功能起了重大的作用。北魏在继承汉魏著作官制的同时,发展出完备严谨的国史编纂制度。北朝几代史家则提出了促进民族文化认同的史学思想。至北齐,史官制度与史家主体二者之间良好的互动催生了设馆修史这一新的机制,其对传统史学影响深远。这是北朝积极推进民族文化认同所结出的硕果,同时也有力地促进了当时和日后的民族文化认同。     

湖州“皇宋州学宝尊”铭青铜牺尊考

20世纪60年代,在湖州安定书院地段的河床上出土了两件青铜牺尊。其中一件的腹底孔盖板上刻有皇宋州学宝尊铭,系北宋时湖州州学释奠先圣、先师之祭器,也是反映宋代地方祭器制度的重要物证。     

Soanian cores and core-tools from Toka,Northern India: Towards a new typo-technological organization

Since the initial ‘discovery’ and explanation of the Soanian industry by H. de Terra and T.T. Paterson in the 1930s, multiple interpretations have been offered by various investigators on its chronology, geographical distribution, relationship with the Acheulian, and technological progression. In most cases, the presence of explicit tool-types and the absence of Acheulian bifaces were the distinguishing features utilized to recognize the industry as well as delineate its technological development through time and space. However, in light of recent intra-regional geoarchaeological investigations and the analyses of a large surface assemblage by the author, the existing framework for Soanian typology is in need of judicious revision. In this paper, some of the methodological and interpretative problems are briefly discussed from a historical perspective and the technological organization of cores and core-based tools from Toka, a rich factory site, is described. Essentially, the Toka assemblage comprises a dynamic range of non-biface tool-types on quartzite, which possess varying patterns of core reduction techniques, edge retouch, and associated use-wear. The study also introduces a modified typological classification of specific chopper morphologies, which may be broadly applicable in global context.     

《代歌》、《代记》和北魏国史--国史之狱的史学史考察

流传于北魏宫掖与鲜卑贵族间的《代歌》 ,是拓跋族的民族史诗。道武帝时修撰的北魏早期历史《代记》 ,主要当是依据《代歌》。《魏书·序纪》大体是以《代记》为本。辑集《代歌》和修撰《代记》的重要人物是邓渊。由于邓渊冤死 ,崔浩死于国史之狱 ,北魏一代史学衰微 ,史官视修纂北魏前期历史为畏途。考察《序纪》的来历 ,可以看出拓跋族面对其民族早期历史的某些问题时陷入的痛苦与窘境。这是中古时期民族融合浪潮中值得重视的一个案例     

Implementing political agreement in Northern Ireland: Planning issues for Irish language policy

This paper examines the place of the Irish language in the context of the political agreement recently reached in Northern Ireland. Language planning issues are seen to turn on critical relationships between the emergent legislative framework and local Irish-speaking communities in the region. A model for community-based language planning initiatives is proposed as a means of ensuring the effective engagement of language policy with Irish-speakers. It is suggested that the issue of language rights is likely to become much more pressing as the new institutions of state seek to reflect the socio-political diversity of the region.