古代折扇的还原修复——以“文俶”“永瑢”扇为例

针对明代"文俶"及清代"永瑢"折扇画面上的虫蛀、残缺、脱色、掉粉,扇骨残损、断裂等病害,借助电镜纸纤维分析等科学手段,对补纸材料的选择、金笺的固色、扇面原折印褶皱处虫蛀洞的补缺等进行了全面分析,制定了扇面清洗、揭离、补缺、全色、接笔的修复方法。同时,在扇骨的修复实践中,探寻与运用"贴肉""续筋""榫卯接骨"等古法,还原修复了扇骨断裂与缺损前的原貌,最大程度地保留了古人在折扇上的审美与实用价值,探讨与实践了传统工艺与现代科技相结合、还原修复古代折扇的一种新的理念与方法。     

图象处理方法在研究薄膜试片腐蚀特性中的应用

薄膜试片测试法是一种能够全面有效地对博物馆藏展材料进行评估筛选的测试方法,对其腐蚀现象进行图象采集及进行数据化分析能够得到更为客观准确的测试结果.本工作对应该测试法设计了专门图像采集的硬件装置,采用密闭光源和彩色工业摄像机,可以得到清晰的试片图像.软件系统将采集图像、打开原始图像、图像分割处理、材料分级评价等功能模块化,并根据具体功能设计实现了基本应用的可视化界面.实验表明,该系统能够快速、准确地对藏展材料对试片的腐蚀现象进行数据化分析,使藏展材料的评估分级由人工目测走向计算机视觉计算,具有快速、客观、误差小等特点.     

陕西历史博物馆藏汉代“华仓”瓦当表面析出物的分析研究

陶质文物表面析出物中含有机酸盐的现象在国内鲜有报道。本研究采用离子色谱仪(IC)、扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变化显微红外光谱仪(FTIR)、超景深显微镜(DM)对一件馆藏汉代“华仓”瓦当表面析出物进行了表征和检测。结果表明,瓦当表面析出物主要由少量的二水硫酸钙和大量有机酸钙盐[Ca₃(CH₃COO)₃Cl(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]组成,两种盐的形成与瓦当的制作过程、埋藏环境和灰尘有关,有机酸盐的形成还与馆藏环境中的乙酸有关。这种析出物不仅影响瓦当表面的真实文物信息,还会进一步腐蚀瓦当本体,建议从展柜中取出瓦当进行脱盐处理,存放在无酸的环境中。本检测分析为这件瓦当的保护修复方案的制定提供理论依据,也为类似文物样品的分析提供借鉴。     

Obsidian from Pulo di Molfetta (Bari,Southern Italy): provenance from Lipari and first recognition of a Neolithic sample from Monte Arci (Sardinia)

Twenty-four obsidian artefacts of the Neolithic Age were found at the large karstic doline of Molfetta (near Bari) along the Southern Italian Adriatic coast. Non-destructive chemical analyses of the glass, by SEM-EDS, allowed their source rock regions to be determined. Twenty-three of the studied artefacts had been traded from the island of Lipari. Only one sample had a glass composition and microphenocrysts (biotite, pyroxene and feldspar) that indicate provenance from the Monte Arci area of Sardinia, in particular from the Perdas Urias (SC) outcrops. The attribution of this artefact to Sardinia enlarges the geographical pattern of Monte Arci obsidian exploitation and distribution from island to Southern Italy during the Middle to Late Neolithic.     

超声波技术在大佛寺石窟石质保护中的应用

介绍超声波探测在石质文物风化评价、化学加固效果评价及其裂隙研究方面的应用,并将其结果与目前常用的方法进行了比较。     

热脱附-气质联用法无损测定函套中挥发性物质的探索研究

热脱附-气质联用法作为一种无损分析技术,可以用于测定函套中的挥发性物质。为此,用Tenax-TA吸附管对10种目标化合物进行吸附,在优化的色谱条件下,苯、甲苯、乙酸正丁酯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、正十一烷和糠醛等组分相关性良好。对实际样品进行测定,可以实现函套等装具中挥发性有害物质的分离分析。研究结果对纸质文献的保护有参考作用。     

古旧木材保存状况多参数检测研究进展

作为人类文化遗产的重要组成部分,古旧木材保存状态的评价及保护至关重要。为了推进对古木材保存评价的深入研究,通过对多参数检测(微形态学、物理学、化学)在微观尺度下评价古旧木材保存状况及腐蚀机理的研究成果进行了综述,在介绍了从木材细胞形态、物理孔隙结构、化学组分含量、分子结构、分子量分布等方面对古旧木材进行评价的基础上,较为全面地阐述了检测各参数的不同表征方法,包括扫描电镜法、氮气吸附法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱/质谱联用法等,具体分析了不同表征方法间的优缺点,说明了多参数检测古旧木材保存状况的可行性及重要性,并希望以此为切入点探讨古旧木材的宏观力学性能。研究结果在木质文化遗产和历史木构建筑的保护方面具有极大价值。     

Applications of integrated geophysical method in archaeological surveys of the ancient Shu ruins

The Jinsha site is one set of excavated ruins of the ancient Shu state, late Neolithic, early Bronze Age. The archaeological survey of the site is especially important for study of Shu culture, because there is hardly any written record of this period. As technology progresses, more and more advanced techniques and equipment have been used to conduct archaeological surveys. In this study, four nondestructive methods of geophysical detection were used to locate ancient relics at the site. The validity of these different types of archaeological detection methods (method of high-density resistivity, induced polarization, multi-frequency electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar and so on) and techniques were analyzed. And a multi-scale, multi-method detection system to non-destructive detection of cultural relics was established.     

Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence analysis of Haleakalā basalt adze quarry materials, Maui, Hawai‘i

One of Hawai‘i’s major prehistoric basalt adze quarries (SIHP 50-50-11-2510) is located in the summit region of Haleakalā, Maui. Situated at approximately 2750 m above sea level (9000 ft), the quarry shares a similar high-altitude setting with the Mauna Kea adze quarry on Hawai‘i Island. Adding to a growing Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) database for the Hawaiian Islands, we present the results from 255 geological and archaeological lithic samples from the Haleakalā quarry site. We also briefly discuss why this non-destructive XRF technique is particularly applicable in the Hawaiian cultural context.     

文物修复理念探讨与实践应用

文物修复是保护文物和研究文物的一个重要环节,而文物修复理念又是指导文物修复工作的理论基础;要能够熟练运用各类科学仪器并且在先进修复理念的指导下,对不同门类不同质地的文物具体分析区别对待,仪器分析是了解文物性质与制定修复方案重要依据;吸收国外修复理念精华,并且结合中国传统文物修复理念总结出一个适合中国文物修复的全新理念,既有利于研究文物,也有利于更好地展示和保护好文物。