Indigenous agriculture in the Americas

Significant advances in our understanding of ancient agricultural practices in the Americas have been made in recent years. This review of the literature focuses on studies published between 1987 and early 1994. Issues pertaining to the transition from foraging to farming include the habitability of the American tropics prior to the development of agriculture, theories on plant domestication and the origins of agriculture, regional syntheses of agricultural development, and the origin, evolution, and dissemination of domesticates in the Americas. Other topics reviewed include new techniques that have recently been applied to the study of prehistoric agriculture in the Americas, various approaches to the study of agricultural change, and ways in which research on ancient agricultural practices is being applied in modern experimental agriculture and rural development projects.     

清代甘青藏区建制及社会研究

本文首先对清朝于雍正二年平定罗卜藏丹津之乱后,在明朝的基础上,重新在青海、甘肃藏区设置的土司制的情况,作了较为详细的论述,并对其特点和流変进行探索,其次,将甘青藏区划分为七个大的区域,即河北西宁府所辖地区(包括附郭西宁县、碾伯县和大通卫等)、西宁办事大臣所辖玉树地区、河南贵德、循化厅所辖地区、青海湖地区、凉州平番县(庄浪卫)地区、大夏河以拉卜楞寺为中心地区及洮河流域以卓尼杨土司为中心的地区,较为详确地列出清代甘青藏区藏族的分布、人口及经济类型。在此基础上探讨甘青藏区的社会组织,并划分为三种类型,即居于城镇、营汎或附近,主要从事农业和半农半牧生产的藏族社会组织;居地离城镇、营汎较远,以游牧为生的藏族社会组织,以及以大寺院为中心的"政教合一"的藏族社会组织。     

青海省职业教育发展中存在的问题及其对策

本文对青海省职业教育发展中存在的突出问题进行了较深入地分析,针对这些问题,从完善青海省职业教育办学模式、改善教学方式、提高教学水平等方面提出了一些切实可行的建议。     

塑造新思想:建国前后北京与上海的“五四”纪念活动

建国前后,北京和上海都举行了规模盛大的"五四"运动纪念活动,这两次活动都不仅仅是群众性的纪念仪式,更深刻的意义在于,它一方面号召继承"五四"革命精神,表达对现实服务的方向;另一方面则书写着自"五四"运动以来中国革命胜利的历史必然性,从而确证新民主主义理论的正确性以及对中国革命和即将展开的新中国建设的指导意义,即为新中国确立了一个新的思想坐标——马克思主义、毛泽东思想。这种以"五四"为中介而实质上是为了引导和塑造新思想的纪念活动方式,成为后来"五四"纪念的传统,为社会主义意识形态确立领导地位发挥了积极的作用。     

新中国成立初期中南区婚姻制度的改革

新中国成立前后,中南区由于长期受封建婚姻制度的束缚,各种陋俗在许多地方普遍存在,广大妇女的社会地位极其低下。1950年《中华人民共和国婚姻法》颁布施行后,中南区在全区范围内大张旗鼓地开展了一场宣传和贯彻《婚姻法》的群众运动,经过调查试验、宣传发动和总结表彰,彻底地摧毁了封建婚姻制度,建立起了新民主主义的新型婚姻制度,形成了男女平等、民主和睦的社会新风尚,从而促进了中南区整体性的社会文明与进步。     

中国农民工问题研究述论

进入21世纪以来,"农民工"问题渐成为学术关注的焦点之一。从现状与对策角度进行的研究较多,从历史角度进行的研究有待加强。目前学界围绕农民工的定义、"农民工"现象的起源、农民工问题的历史发展及其处理对策变迁、解决农民工问题的深层次困难、解决农民工问题的前景与基本思路,展开了有关讨论。由于"农民工"在我国城镇化、工业化与现代化进程中将长期存在,因此,"农民工"问题将持续成为学术关注的热点问题。     

Moreno y Escandón’s Plan geográphico del Virreinato de Santafé de Bogotá, 1772

The extent to which Francisco Antonio Moreno y Escandón’s plan of the Viceroyalty of Santafé sparked a revival of cartographical activity has hitherto been overlooked. The Viceroyalty of Santafé was created as a major unit in the Spanish Empire in 1739 and included the present-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama. Moreno, a high-standing Creole functionary, mapped the region in 1772 in the context of its administrative organization. By drawing attention to Moreno’s official map, I hope to encourage the study of late-colonial and early-republican cartography of the northwestern part of the former Spanish-American dominion and the present-day constituent republics.