秦陵7号坑铜水禽彩绘保护及分析

K0007号陪葬坑出土了一批青铜水禽,在其中发现了少量残存的彩绘。本文从铜禽彩绘的保护、清理、彩绘颜料分析和彩绘施彩工艺分析等方面对铜水禽彩绘进行了分析研究。     

评“分析马克思主义”及其《新论》

分析马克思主义是马克思主义在当代西方资本主义社会的一种新的发展形式,是西方分析哲学、经验主义的社会科学以及新古典经济学的方法运用于马克思主义理论研究的产物。与传统西方马克思主义相比,这种新的现象有着自身的特点;《分析马克思主义新论》是分析马克思主义者的最新力作,既体现了对马克思主义的一种发展,同时也存在着某些问题和不足。对于这种新现象及《分析马克思主义新论》一书中存在的理论问题的剖析,有利于我们把握当代马克思主义发展的正确方向,坚定马克思主义的科学立场。     

Another (mud)brick in the wall: scientific analysis of Bronze Age earthen construction materials from East Crete

Mudbricks appear to have been one of the most common building materials used in domestic architecture in Bronze Age Crete. Well-preserved earthen construction materials from the sites of Vasiliki, Makrygialos and Mochlos in East Crete have been examined with regard to their macromorphological characteristics and their mineralogical and chemical composition in order to investigate the nature of the raw materials used, the technology of manufacture and the potential use of specific recipes. The methods applied include a combination of mineralogical and chemical analytical techniques, namely petrography, neutron activation (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Finally, a range of raw materials from the immediate vicinity of each site were sampled and analyzed in order to compare with the archaeological data and identify potential sources. The analyses suggested that there is a degree of standardization in the recipes and the manufacturing process and that the selection of the raw materials depends on availability.     

当"石器研究"成为一门专业:王幼平著《石器研究:旧石器时代考古方法初探》评介

石器研究已经成为史前考古中相当专门的领域,西方学术界许多最具影响的入门指南一直未能在中国得到重视。近年中国旧石器时代考古学者中常有一些有关石器研究基本概念的争论,一方面显示出学界对于石器研究规范化的热情,另一方面也说明中国旧石器研究在基础方法论方面还亟待加强。王幼平著《石器研究:旧石器时代考古方泫初探》是由中国学者撰写的第一部系统介绍石器研究基本方法的著作,在中国旧石器考古学研究史上具有重要意义。     

定边郝滩东汉壁画墓绿色底层颜料分析研究

本研究以定边郝滩东汉壁画墓中绿色底层为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜(PLM)、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼光谱(RS)分析了绿色底层的成分与物相,同时和四种已知国外绿土相比较,得出绿色底色为绿土,对其进行深入分析研究以期为考古学和后期文物保护工作提供科学信息。     

中子衍射和成像技术在文物领域中的应用进展

中子衍射和成像技术是利用中子束穿透性强、元素分辨率高等特点,对物体进行原位、无损和块扫描,实现材料组成定性定量分析和内部结构可视化检测。在此通过介绍中子衍射和成像技术的基本原理和特点,总结其在国内外文物领域的应用研究现状,显示中子衍射和成像技术在文物研究中的突出优势和广阔应用前景,为其在中国文化遗产保护领域的应用研究提供参考。     

The Airfall-pollen Budget of Archaeologically Important Caves: Creswell Crags, England

This paper investigates fundamental taphonomic issues for palynologists working on archaeologically important cave deposits—the extent to which the pollen and spores reaching the accumulating sediment surfaces reflect the vegetation in cave entrances, or reflect the more regional environments beyond the caves. The study sites were four adjacent caves at Creswell Crags, near Sheffield, England—Church Hole, Dog Hole, C7 and Robin Hood's Cave. The compositions of the pollen and spore assemblages caught in the caves over a one year period were shown to reflect the vegetation in the cave mouths and the wider area beyond. The AP:NAP ratio in the assemblages trapped in the caves corresponded with the proportions of woodland and open ground within a 5 km radius of the site. Comparatively high representations of fern spores in caves were a persistent feature and were attributed to the interactions of habitat, distribution and taphonomic processes—(i) the abundance of ferns in cave mouths, and (ii) the effects produced by a combination of diurnal micro-climatological process interacting with diurnal variations in spore production in the cave entrance. In two caves—Church Hole Cave and Dog Hole Cave—the numbers of grains caught appeared to decline with increasing distance into the cave. In Cave C7, the numbers of grains caught increased towards the back of the cave. The number of grains caught appears to be a principal determinant of the number of plant taxa identified. There were no clear relationships between the presence of a "flue" effect in the cave and the presence of an increase or a decrease in the number of grains caught with changing distance into the caves. It is concluded that as long as account is taken of the particular topographic, microclimatic and taphonomic conditions in these caves, it is possible to infer the character of the vegetation beyond their confines, from the airfall pollen and spores trapped with them at the cave sediment surface.     

基于常态条件的石窟寺监测数据预警应用初探

目前国内石窟监测实践在数据采集和存储上已取得较多突破,但在体系化、合理化数据利用上仍存在短板,海量数据受限于劣化机理定量化溯源预测、预防性保护普适性环境参数阈值等研究基础尚不成熟,较难发挥指导、辅助当下保护实践的时效作用。本文依托四川广元千佛崖案例,研究基于常态条件的监测数据实时分级预警体系构建方法,并进行初步应用,探索了一种具有一定推广性并可与保护措施设计、完善、评估以及遗产地管理有机结合的监测预警技术路线。     

瓷器传统修复材料变色成因分析

瓷器文物修复需要经过多道工序方可完成,修复后的瓷器经过1～3年不等的时间均会出现修复部位不同程度的变色。为不影响瓷器文物的展陈效果,往往进行再次修复,多次修复对瓷器文物带来一定的损伤。为此,本研究以传统瓷器修复材料为研究对象,开展瓷器修复材料变色成因分析研究,以期为提高瓷器修复材料耐久性的研究提供一定的研究思路。本研究通过模拟瓷器修复工艺处理市售白色瓷板,然后进行干热、湿热和氙灯老化,利用色差仪和光泽度仪表征了老化前后各模拟样品的色差和光泽度。结果表明:作色处理色差变化最大,而且引起变色的环境因素主要是光和温度,故瓷器在修复后需避光和低温保存。