湖北巴东任家坪遗址第一、二次发掘

为配合三峡大坝工程和巴东县污水处理厂的工程建设,湖北省文物考古研究所组织考古队对任家坪遗址先后进行两次大规模考古发掘,这里报道了这两次发掘发现的商周遗存和明清墓葬。     

贾湖遗址出土绿松石的无损检测及矿物来源初探

采用X-射线荧光光谱分析法对贾湖遗址出土的绿松石饰物进行了成分的定性和定量分析, 得到了它们的主要成分的含量。除个别样品外, 大多绿松石的成分较纯, 材质较好。这部分样品的含铁量较低, Fe2O3 含量都在 5%以下, 有的仅千分之几。将这批样品和选自陕西安康、湖北郧县和安徽马鞍山的绿松石矿石样品中的P2O5、As2O5、Fe2O3、CuO和ZnO含量作聚类分析, 发现贾湖出土的绿松石不太可能来自陕西安康、湖北郧县和安徽马鞍山等地的绿松石矿区, 但应来自同一个未知地区。     

凌家滩古玉受沁过程分析

在漫长的埋藏过程中 ,凌家滩古玉的颜色、透明度、硬度、吸水性等物理性质发生了很大变化 ,甚至出现了“外实内松”的特殊现象。为研究和解释这些现象 ,对典型样品进行体视显微镜观察、红外光谱测试和扫描电子显微镜分析 ,结果表明 ,古玉在入土埋藏后先后经历了风化淋滤阶段和渗透胶结阶段 ,物理性质发生变化是造成古玉“外实内松”的原因。     

The Wavy Line and the Dotted Wavy Line Pottery in the Prehistory of the Central Nile and the Sahara-Sahel Belt

The two type-sites of the Khartoum Mesolithic and Khartoum Neolithic (Khartoum Hospital and Shaheinab), in Central Sudan, were excavated at the end of the 1950s. The ceramics recovered from these sites, characterized by wavy line and dotted wavy line decoration, formed a cornerstone for identifying Mesolithic–Neolithic components along the Central Nile and across the Sahara-Sahel Belt. Moreover, they formed a model for an evolutionary sequence, and suggested a level of cultural uniformity for the Nilo-Sahara-Sahel Belt from the eighth to the fourth millennia BC. This paper examines these and other related issues.L'hôpital de Khartoum et Shaheinab, qui se situe au centre du Soudan, sont les deux sites archéologiques principaux de la civilisation mésolithique et néolithique. Ces deux sites furent découverts et excavés au cours des années 1950s. Les céramiques découvertes dans ces deux sites se caractérisent par leurs lignes continues et ondoyantes, et d'autres ondoyantes mais discontinues. Ces céramiques représentent la pierre angulaire pour les caractéristiques de la période mésolithiqueet néolithique dans le centre de la vallée du Nile et á travers la zone du Sahara-Sahel. De plus, elles ont constitué un modèle pour l'évolution et ont suggéré une certaine uniformité culturelle entre la vallée du Nile, le Sahara et le Sahel de huitième au quatrième millénaires avant J.-C. Cette recherche traite donc de ces points et d'autres aspects s'y rapportant.     

避暑山庄初建时间及相关史事考

避暑山庄初称热河行宫。其始建时间在清代官修史籍中无载,私家笔记和现代学者其说不一,似无从定论。本文在参阅史籍和清宫遗档的基础上,认为热河行宫肇建于康熙四十二年七月二十三日(1703年9月4日),并对其始建时期的相关史事作出考定。     

The Italian Neolithic: A Synthesis of Research

This paper reviews the distinctive economic and social development of Neolithic Italy and its islands, from ca. 6000 B.C. until the emergence of the Copper Age ca. 3500 B.C. Through a synthesis of traditional interpretations and more recent discussions relating to early farming economies, social and technological developments, settlement, and landscape, the complex regional patterns are described. The development of archaeological studies in Italy, the biases in regional and chronological data collection, the regional patterns of cultures and landscapes, and the emergence of distinctive funerary, artistic and economic activities reveal a wealth of varied and intriguing archaeological information from a wide variety of sources that link parallel developments in the Mediterranean and Europe.     

湖北老河口杨营春秋遗址发掘简报

杨营春秋遗址位于湖北省老河口市南郊杨寨村一组,1994年10～12月,湖北省文物考古研究所和老河口市博物馆联合对该遗址进行了发掘,获得了一批重要的春秋时期的遗迹和遗物。主要遗迹有灰坑、水井等,遗物有陶、铜、铁、石器等,其中所出土的春秋晚期铁器,数量较多,品种较齐全,为研究我国特别是楚国铁器的出现和使用提供了极其重要的考古资料。     

尼雅遗址行政区划复原

尼雅遗址出土佉卢文书中的大部分已得到转写和译释。根据对其记录内容、年代与出土地点(遗迹群)组 合关系的分析,可以大致地复原尼雅遗址在佉卢文时代——鄯善国凯度多州时期的行政区划及其所对应的遗迹(群)和 遗迹区。     

Assessing the reliability of pRIA for identifying ancient proteins from archaeological contexts

The use of immunological techniques for identifying the origin of proteins and inferring foodstuffs exploited by prehistoric occupations has been conducted for several decades. Cases of experimental laboratory and archaeological studies have shown the potential of these techniques for reliable results. However, very few of these case studies employ archaeological sites that have excellent preservation and high-resolution spatial contexts between identifiable faunal remains, features, and stone tools. We present an assessment of the identification reliability of one immunological technique, protein radioimmunoassay (pRIA), using faunal remains and stone tools from two sites from arctic and subarctic contexts. The results of this research indicate that, even in contexts with excellent preservation, the identifications produced by the pRIA technique are subject to misidentification and cross-reactions due to diagenetic alteration of proteins. We propose a higher minimum reaction value (percent binding of labeled antibody) that mitigates these effects, and renders the pRIA results more reliable for ancient, poorly preserved organic remains.     

Semitella,an Italian Bell-Beaker (Final Copper Age) animal burial ground

The Italian Bell-Beaker (Final Copper Age) has been widely studied, yet little is known about its archaeofaunas. Reported are the results of the analysis of the archaeofauna from Semitella, which is one of the largest and most important Bell-Beaker sites in Italy. The site yielded an intentionally buried bovine skeleton and contained many pits, scattered throughout the excavated area. These pits may have originally contained the corpses of the animals whose bones are represented in the sample. The hypothesis is that Semitella was a sort of cemetery for animal carcasses, or a dumping ground where carcass discards and animal cadavers were thrown or buried. A careful taphonomic and zooarchaeological analyses were therefore mandatory. The study confirmed the hypothesis. It in fact revealed a poorly diversified, selected fauna, dominated by domestic taxa, matched to a strikingly low incidence of bone surface modifications, which is the expected state of bones that have been rapidly subtracted to biostratinomic agents. The accumulated evidence indicates that Semitella was a dumping and/or a burial ground for animal corpses in the surroundings of a nearby settlement. The assemblage's final arrangement is the result of floodings that removed the disarticulated skeletal parts scattering them downstream. What remains unresolved is whether, or not, the burials were connected with ritual practices.