Ruhr Firms between Dynamic Change and Structural Persistence – Globalization, the 'German Model' and Regional Place-Dependence

This paper¹ investigates recent restructuring strategies of medium-sized firms in the Ruhr area, and assesses the role of institutional, organizational and socio-economic factors in shaping their strategic responses to economic change. By pointing out the extent to which embeddedness in different political-economic contexts constrains the expansion of organizational space, it is argued that medium-sized firms respond by falling back on routinized, predominantly regional, interaction structures. 'Embedding' and cooperation are, however, constrained by market forces and competitive pressures, which manifest themselves in various governance dilemmas. Solving these dilemmas between institutional persistence and 'economic imperatives' constitutes a major organizational challenge for the sample firms.     

城市居民出游的高铁选乘行为意向的形成机理——以长沙市为例

高速铁路以快捷、舒适、环保的明显优势促成旅游者的选乘决策。基于已有研究成果,思辨选乘动机、选乘阻碍、阻碍协商策略、行为意向的关系,构建人们高铁选乘意向形成的概念模型。选择长沙市居民进行研究,结果表明:快捷选乘动机和阻碍协商策略对行为意向有正向影响,选乘阻碍对阻碍协商策略和行为意向有负向影响。选乘意向的形成有两条路径,一是直接通过快捷动机形成;二是基于快捷和舒适动机,判断选乘阻碍,采取阻碍协商策略,最后形成行为意向。依据研究结论得到了旅游业发展中科学利用高铁的四点启示。     

论日语请求行为得体性的实现

请求行为普遍而且敏感,它是人类交际中不可避免的社会活动。得体性作为请求行为所必须遵循的礼貌原则,既牵涉到语言自身,又牵涉到许多诸如风俗习惯、价值观念、社会地位、人际关系、环境、地点、时间等社会文化因素。本文通过分析中国学生运用日语表达“请求”这一言语行为时出现的语用失误,探讨中日两种文化在语言语用和社交语用方面存在的差异,旨在找出隐伏在这些失误背后的、易引起误会和冲突的文化因素,并在此基础上,提出对策,以帮助日语学习者自觉改变和调整固有的框框,提高语用能力。     

Upper Paleolithic Net-Hunting, Small Prey Exploitation, and Women's Work Effort: A View from the Ethnographic and Ethnoarchaeological Record of the Congo Basin

Recent interest in Upper Paleolithic small prey acquisition focuses on the significance of fiber-based hunting technologies. Some researchers believe the advent of these technologies and presence of small faunas reflect efficient communal net-hunts driven by women's labor. We evaluate different small prey hunting techniques, using ethnographic data from foragers in the Congo Basin. These and other ethnographic data suggest that net-hunting is a high risk endeavor that often has high opportunity costs. We argue that the high costs associated with net-hunting have profound implications for human technological choice, and we evaluate the circumstances that would favor the use of different small prey hunting technologies in the Upper Paleolithic.     

Changing industrial production systems and regional development in the New Europe

The continuing expansion and deepening integration of the European Union is redefining the map of threats and opportunities for both companies and regions in Europe. In this paper I analyze the changing geography of the production system in three industries – automobiles, clothing and steel – as a product of the strategies and tactics of companies, states (at EU, national and regional levels) and trades unions, as they seek to shape geographies of production to favour their interests within this changing European political–economic space. It is argued that the end product of this process will be the creation of new and sharper forms of regional uneven development and qualitative differentiation between regions, as well as a renewed widening rather than further narrowing of regional differences in economic performance and well–being.     

谈语文教学中的有效课堂

文章分析了“有效教学”的主要特征,并指出,为促进学生达到预期的学习结果,教师必须弄清四个问题：教学目的是什么,无效课堂症结何在,教什么与学什么,怎么教是有效教学。     

Paleoindian subsistence strategies and late Pleistocene paleoenvironments in the northeastern and southwestern United States: a tooth wear analysis

Paleoindians of North America entered a continent undergoing rapid climatic and environmental changes. This paper is a preliminary contribution toward obtaining a better picture regarding how climate and environmental change might have impacted the first settlers of North America. The Paleoindian sites we analyzed are, from the oldest to the youngest, Ingleside (Texas), Blackwater Draw Locality No. 1 (New Mexico), Hiscock Site (New York), and Plainview Quarry (Texas). Paleoenvironmental reconstruction involves identifying the dietary traits of ungulate species that might reflect the environmental conditions where they were living, and also where they might have been hunted by Paleoindians. Such an approach is realized through tooth microwear and mesowear analyses. Results indicate that a variety of food resources were available for the ungulates at these sites as well as the likely presence of mosaic environments around these sites which allowed Paleoindians to exploit resources in a large variety of habitats. The application of a method that allows for the estimation of the duration of occupation at archaeological sites reveals that results for Blackwater Draw and Hiscock Site indicate a long-term occupation of probably several months. However, during short events, Paleoindians were most likely hunting herds of horse and bison when these prey were available near the site. Results indicate that Plainview Quarry was likely used only for short-term occupations, with large game hunting focusing on bison. These patterns identified at the archeological sites studied are related to the fact that Paleoindians follow a high-technology forager model and frequently shifted their territory depending on the composition and distribution of the large mammal fauna.     

Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, France): A mousterian reindeer hunting camp?

The site of Les Pradelles has an important mousterian stratigraphic sequence. In the lower levels, the very low density of artefacts as well as the carnivores scavenging of carcasses abandoned by the neanderthals point to short-term human occupations; the introduction of finished tools (made on non-local, good quality flint) later highly curated, together with an expedient strategy on strictly local flint, suggest a task-specific location, within a low mobility pattern. The large faunal sample (mainly reindeer) underlines the preponderance of hunting activities. A range of butchering activities took place on the site and the abundance of filleting marks may be an indication of the processing of meat for transport to another settlement. The hypothesis of “specialized hunting” during Middle Palaeolithic is assessed with this new data set.