Multi-element soil analysis: an assessment of its potential as an aid to archaeological interpretation

Multi-element soil analysis is now an established technique in archaeology. It has been used to locate archaeological sites and define the extent of human activity beyond the structural remains, and to aid interpretation of space use in and around archaeological remains. This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of these soil element signatures between sites and hence their potential usefulness in archaeological studies. Known contexts on abandoned farms across the UK were sampled to test the relationships between element concentrations and known functional area and to assess inter-site variability. The results clearly show that there are significant differences in the soil chemistry of contrasting functional areas, particularly for Ba, Ca, P, Zn, Cu, Sr and Pb. Despite significant site specific effects, which appear to reflect individual anthropogenic practices rather than geological influences, there is sufficient similarity in the pattern of element enhancement to allow reliable interpretation of former function using discriminant models. Relating these enhancements to precise soil inputs, however, is more problematic because many important soil inputs do not contain distinct element fingerprints and because there is mixing of materials within the soil. There is also a suggestion that charcoal and bone play an important role in both the loading and post-depositional retention of Ca, Sr, P, Zn, and Cu and thus may be significant in the formation of soil element concentration patterns.     

The smelting quarter of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville,Spain): the specialised copper industry in a political centre of the Guadalquivir Valley during the Third millennium BC (2750–2500 BC)

The first specialized copper industry of the Iberian Peninsula was developed at the start of the Third millennium BC with the appearance of mining-metallurgical settlements in its main mining district (the Pyrite Belt of the south-western). Between 2750 and 2500 BC, however, and right at the centre of the Guadalquivir Valley, the great farming settlements that ranked the territory developed a new level of metallurgic intensification with the creation of the first industrial quarters. As a way of explaining this new situation, we present the results of the systematic research (microspatial analysis; radiocarbon dating; petrologic, geochemical, metallographic and isotopic study of minerals, slag and products, …) carried out in one of them, the one developed in the main and largest political centre of the Guadalquivir Valley during the first half of the Third millennium BC: Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain).     

国外农业旅游研究综述

通过对相关外文数据库的检索,获得1980年以来国外农业旅游研究方面的文献370余篇,其研究内容主要涉及:农业旅游的兴起、农业旅游的概念和类型、农业旅游的影响、农业旅游的发展条件和障碍、农业旅游的发展策略、农业旅游中的性别问题、农业旅游目的地的生命周期、气候与环境变化对农业旅游开发的影响等。虽然国外在农业旅游研究方面起步较早,研究领域广泛,并已深入到许多微观层面,但仍有一些问题需要继续深入研究,如农业旅游内涵与外延的界定,从多方面多角度对农业旅游类型的划分,全面认识农业旅游的影响等。     

国外旅游目的地游客管理研究进展

作为当前国外旅游研究领域的前沿热点问题之一,旅游目的地游客管理(Visitor Management)是一种以游客为中心的新型旅游管理模式。在对国外游客管理方面的文献进行搜集和整理的基础上,文章从游客需求和偏好研究,游客容量管理,游客行为管理,游客体验管理,游客安全管理以及游客冲击管理等6个方面分析了近年来国外游客管理的研究脉络和研究进展情况,并且指出了其研究的薄弱环节。并对国外游客管理的研究进展进行了系统综述,以期为国内旅游目的地游客管理的理论与实践提供借鉴和参考。     

对“音近义通”说的反思——近年来汉语词源学研究趋势管窥

明清以来,“音近义通”说畅行,开创了汉语词源研究的新局面。然而,由于“音近义通”说之“音近”概念模糊,且在实践中往往忽视了“义通”的因素,因此影响了汉语词源研究的进展。近年来,学们开始对“音近义通”说进行反思,指出音义二不可偏废,应互相制约,两维交叉：有的学还认为,音义二关系应以义为纲,以音为纬．而在意义的研究上,则开始从发生学及认知语盲学角度探索同源词语源义即“义类”的生成及其作用。     

《元声韵学大成》版本及研究状况考

明代濮阳涞的《元声韵学大成》具有鲜明的个性和革新精神,在明代韵书中有重要地位。但受《四库全书总目提要》评价过低的影响,近人和当代学者对该书只作概述性的介绍,不见深入剖析。本文对该书的作者、版本及研究状况加以介绍和考证,对该书在语音和语音史方面的价值加以讨论,希望籍此使该书的各方面价值都能得到认识和重视。     

敦煌学海拾贝

敦煌学内容“博大精深”。本文选择“博大”切入论题 ,从见诸史料记载的古代标点符号、财务会计学的“四柱结算法”、“市声吟叫辞”、石油和煤油、硬笔书法等的最早应用 ,纠正了过去在这些方面存在的讹误 ,为修正中国文化史有关方面存在的问题提供了可靠的依据。     

唐代妇女发饰的技术分析与研究

近几年来为配合基本建设,在西安市长安区紫薇田园都市清理了一批唐墓,陆续出土了一些妇女发饰,其中有镂空鎏金花鸟纹银钗、银钗、鎏金花铜簪及散落的鎏金铜饰残片等。为了解当时的制作工艺及技术,对其进行了X射线能谱分析(EDS)和金相显微结构分析(SEM)。分析表明:1、2、5、6、7、8号样皆为银铜合金,3、4号样为铜合金;1、5、6、7、8号样的金相结构表现为重压冷锻组织,2、3号为退火组织。此项分析可为科学分析资料较少的金银器的研究提供参考和帮助。     

汉镜《硕人》铭文校勘

汉镜《硕人》铭文中多借字,另还有俗字、异文,可断定“汉镜诗”属于“俗儒穿凿”之《诗经》版本。这一“文字多谬”的汉镜《硕人》铭文,提供了有关《诗经》流传版本的宝贵资料。     

清人生卒年补考

在梳理并肯定时贤研究成果的基础上,本文运用许多第一手资料,对邵齐焘等九位清代文人的生年或卒年作了进一步考辨,提出了自己的一得之见。