In the Shadow of the 1919 Total Solar Eclipse: The Two British Expeditions and the Politics of Invisibility**

This paper addresses the legendary total solar eclipse of 29 May 1919. Two British teams confirmed the light bending prediction by Albert Einstein: Charles R. Davidson and Andrew C. C. Crommelin in Sobral, Brazil and Arthur S. Eddington and Edwin T. Cottingham on the African island of Príncipe, then part of the Portuguese empire. By jointly analyzing the two astronomical expeditions supported by written and visual sources, I show how, despite extensive scholarship on this famous historical episode and the historiographical emphasis on the plural dimensions of knowledge construction, many human and non-human actors have been kept in the shadow of the eclipse. I do so by focusing on what I call knowledge from the periphery together with knowledge from below, grounded literally on how localities (sites) affect choices and events, and growing outward to encompass a wide range of participants. I show how the geopolitical status of the two nations where the observational sites were located, and specifically Portugal's condition of colonial power, affected main decisions and events, while highlighting the active role of participants, ranging from experts from the peripheries and those involved in the travels to local elites and anonymous peoples, some of whom contributed to the observation of totality.     

周予同论清代今文经学

周予同在清代今文经学研究领域贡献卓著。他从清代辑佚学成果的间接推动、清代学术的“内在理路”和“外缘影响”等方面来探寻清代今文经学兴起缘由,客观而全面。周予同善于用比较的方法来论述清代今文经学的发展进程和学术特点,反映了周予同精深的治学特点。周予同充分认可清代今文学者的创造勇气、怀疑精神和强烈的时代使命感,并肯定其对转变期中国新史学发展产生的积极影响。但他同时也对清代今文学者治学的偏见和该学派的某些弊病进行了淋漓尽致的抨击,从中反映出周予同真实的史家本色。     

战前日本鲁迅研究概观

战前日本介绍鲁迅文学活动的文字早于中国;五四时期日本文化人也较早地从文学的角度发现了鲁迅的价值;30年代日本的鲁迅研究完成了从“旧文人”到“文坛泰斗”的认识转变;鲁迅逝世时日本出版了世界第一部《大鲁迅全集》;中日全面战争期间,日本还出版了世界上第一部《鲁迅传》。     

海峡华人知识精英的民族主义观念——伍连德与林文庆的比较研究

以伍连德、林文庆为例,探讨了身处多种事实上或潜在的民族主义漩涡边界而又参与到中国民族主义运动中来的海峡华人知识分子相似的游走命运的结构性因素和造成他们被卷入民族主义漩涡的程度、表现形式的个性差别。对于领导或卷入近现代中国民族主义漩涡的知识分子来说,他们绝大部分是在“家国同一”的时空里进行民族主义运动的建构或推动。伍连德和林文庆则因海峡华人社会特殊的多元族群环境处于多种民族主义发生作用的边界地带,而这样的边界状态却恰恰给予他们在“家”、“国”问游走甚至超脱民族主义的可能。     

秦代燕地五郡置县考

传世文献记载秦代历史地理的资料很少,有关其地方设置的郡县情况更是不清。但近几十年大量考古出土的秦文物涉及到秦代的历史地理,这就为研究秦郡县问题提供了传世文献所不能见的重要史料。本文就是利用秦文物和战国秦汉城市考古等有关资料,结合文献,首次考证秦代在燕地五郡的设县情况,以补史书之缺佚。     

30年来中国大陆汪精卫研究述评

20世纪80年代以来,中国大陆整理和出版了大量关于汪精卫及汪伪政权的研究资料,同时一批具有较高学术水平的汪精卫生平传记陆续问世,另外在北京还召开了两次以汪精卫和汪伪政权为主题的学术会议,这些都推动了汪精卫及汪伪政权研究的良性发展.近30年来,中国大陆学者对汪精卫的方方面面都展开了研究,取得了丰硕的成果.从学者们发表的有关论文及论著来看,对汪精卫的研究主要集中在辛亥革命时期的汪精卫、大革命时期的汪精卫、汪精卫叛国投敌的原因、汪精卫的人际关系、汪精卫的政治思想等几个热点问题.学者们就这些问题展开了热烈的讨论,发表了大量研究成果,澄清了一些模糊认识,修正了不少学术观点.然而,在中国大陆的汪精卫研究中,也存在着一些突出问题和薄弱环节.要解决好这些问题,就需要众多学者的共同努力和有关方面的大力支持.     

The demographic impact of irrigation projects: a comparison of two case studies of the Ebro basin,Spain, 1900–2001

Water management and population issues have always been particularly important in Spain, a country historically characterized by severe environmental constraints on agricultural growth and intense rural depopulation. This paper evaluates whether irrigation projects in Spain over the course of the twentieth century have achieved one of their main objectives, which was to reduce rural population decline. This paper makes two contributions. First, we compare the evolution of population in two of the earliest and most ambitious irrigation projects in Spain, the Riegos del Alto Aragón (Upper Aragon Irrigation System) and the Canal de Aragón y Cataluña (Aragon and Catalonia Canal System), both located in the Ebro basin. Second, the time period of the study spans an entire century. This long-term approach is crucial if we accept that irrigation requires time to consolidate its effects and, therefore, its impact on population may be long delayed. We show that the evolution of population in each of the two projects has been substantially different. We also analyze the factors that have caused or prevented population growth. We argue that financial, economic and environmental limitations have been significant, but also that political and geographical factors have played a major role.     

改革开放以来宋史研究若干热点问题述评

改革开放以来,宋史研究取得长足进步,这不仅表现为典章制度史、财政问题与部门经济史、城市史、人口史、货币史、区域经济史、法制史、社会史、家族史、妇女婚姻、文化思想等领域都有颇见功力的专著问世,而且对诸多热点问题,如历史分期与宋代的历史地位、积贫积弱、宋代经济发展水平、南宋历史地位、皇帝与士大夫共治天下、宋太祖不杀大臣、相权消长、士风、士人转型与唐宋变革以及王安石变法等都有广泛而深入的讨论,大大推进了对宋代在中国历史上的地位及其特点的认识。思想解放、研究方法和倾向的多样化、宋代文献的整理和出版均对宋史研究的进步产生了巨大的推动作用。但研究中也存在不讲求学术规范、重复研究、短期速成等缺陷。     

Fighting for recognition: feminist geography in East-Central Europe

In East-Central Europe (ECE), the evolution of feminist geographies began after the end of state socialism. Aiming to identify individual and shared characteristics, this study outlines the development of gender/feminist geography in East-Central European countries. Providing a brief historical overview, the first part of the article substantiates the arguments that i) the evolution of feminist geography in ECE is linked to the post-socialist transition; although the fall of state socialism has removed the political, social and ideological obstacles that prevented its gaining ground, this approach is still considered to be relatively new; and ii) today, development is hindered mainly by conservative mainstream geography, which seems slower in transforming itself than in some related disciplines which have ‘embraced’ gender studies. The topics, methods and theories of feminist geography that have developed in ECE is significantly influenced by the resistance that advocates of feminist geography have to contend with from representatives of mainstream post-socialist geographies. The second part of the article presents the major characteristics of gender/feminist geography in Europe's post-socialist region, while providing an outline of the various methods used in an attempt to earn positive recognition for gender studies. The concluding section maps some lessons to be learnt on the relationship between the production of feminist geographical knowledge and post-socialism.     

改革开放以来的中国基督教史研究

改革开放以来,中国历史学发展的新景象之一就是中国基督教史研究的兴起。这一新兴领域的发展,首先,体现于多种研究范式的存续和转移,文化侵略、中西文化交流、现代化、全球化等范式下的研究成果体现了各自不同的解释力与学术影响。其次,则体现于研究焦点的流变,从基督教与中国社会的现代性变迁、基督教与中西关系,直到关注中国基督教自身的个性化发展,呈现了从研究基督教外围向内部移动的趋势。最后,体现于这一领域的开放性和成长性。基于中国基督教的区域史、性别史、宗教史、宗派史及人物史仍有相当的研究空间,同时随着网络资料和海外档案的获取能力加强,跨文化史料与视野下的研究,将成为这一学科新的增长点。