现代教育的异化及其哲学思考

在实证主义科学观、知识观的影响下,现代教育逐渐异化为应试教育和发展人的理性能力的“唯理性教育”,教育呈现出唯科学主义,唯书本世界的倾向。只有转变现代教育僵化的知识观和教育观,才能从根本上改变应试教育的倾向,使教育过程充满活力。     

西方近代边疆理论的初步发展

文章认为,在资本主义的产生、发展时期,民族国家的出现是近代边疆理论形成的重要前提,重商主义与殖民扩张则是近代边疆理论形成的内在动力。这一时期,传统边疆向近代边疆的转变、国际法的初现也对近代边疆理论的发展产生了重要影响。     

Early evidence of complexity in lithic economy: core-axe production,hafting and use at Late Middle Pleistocene site 8-B-11, Sai Island (Sudan)

Wear analysis indicates that Sangoan core-axes from site 8-B-11 at Sai Island, Sudan, were used while hafted. The middle Sangoan occupation level at 8-B-11 served as a locale where specialized activities were performed, including core-axe manufacture and hafting. Newly manufactured quartz core-axes served as replacements for exhausted items that were mostly fabricated out of raw materials other than quartz, which were carried back to the site in their hafts for re-tooling. The hafted core-axes appear as highly mobile, curated tools, being transported across a large territory. The evidence indicates that the Sangoan is the archaeological reflection of a complex behavioural system involving economic specialization, which appeared in this part of Africa for the first time around 200 ka ago.     

近代托斯卡纳与法兰西的重要关系——“佛罗伦萨国家档案馆＂有关档案研究

意大利统一前,托斯卡纳大公国是意大利中部一个较为重要的国家,其历史曲折复杂。由于它的战略地位、经济力量和政治价值,托斯卡纳在意大利和欧洲历史中一向发挥突出的作用。在法兰西第二共和国与法兰西第二帝国时期,据佛罗伦萨国家档案馆已解密的有关档案,托斯卡纳大公国曾密切注视法兰西政治局势、政府活动及其对外政策,对法实行一种积极政策。托法之间的密切关系具有重要的意义,它为我们了解欧洲近代历史的深度提供了一个生动的例子。     

Identification of ancient starch grains from the tribe Triticeae in the North China Plain

Both macrofossil and microfossil plant remains from the grass family (Poaceae) have been recovered from Neolithic and historic sites in China. Basing our work on the plant taxa that were previously recovered, we analyzed the economically significant genera for modern starch grain analysis with a focus on the important tribe Triticeae. Modern starch grains from the tribe Triticeae were compared with those from other grasses, and criteria for identification were determined. In total, 38 species within 28 genera, 13 tribes and 4 subfamilies were selected for analysis. Results demonstrate that starch grains from members of the tribe Triticeae are discernible from those of other tribes by their distinctive lenticular morphologies and surficial pressure craters. A dichotomous key covering 10 species within 7 genera of the Triticeae was created, thus allowing identification of members of the tribe to the level of genus. Application of the dichotomous key to the ancient starch assemblage recovered from lithic tools excavated from the early Neolithic site of Donghulin demonstrates that plants from the genera Hordeum and Agropyron were exploited alongside millets at this site.     

论广西近代圩市的变迁

随着广西近代商品经济的发展和社会性质的变化,广西近代圩市发生相应的变迁。就具体的圩市而言,广西近代圩市有兴有废,但总的趋势是兴多废少;从圩市贸易来看,广西近代圩市有盛有衰,但大部分圩市固定人口增加,商业目渐繁盛,圩市的交易圈也不断扩大;农村商品经济的发展,使可供交易的商品目益增多,从而使圩期逐步缩短。这些从一个侧面反映了广西近代经济的发展和变化。     

Maps,Mapping, Modernity: Art and Cartography in the Twentieth Century

While the history of cartography has freed itself from debilitating debates over the scientific and artistic status of maps, considerations of the relationship between art and cartography have continued to focus largely on pre‐modern maps, avoiding critical examination of twentieth‐century art and science in cartography and leaving intact the impression that these followed distinct paths in the modern period. In this paper, however, I have drawn on theoretical work in Science Studies and taken account of modern art's separation from aesthetics to suggest that an examination of art and cartography in the twentieth century should focus on mapping practices rather than on maps as such. A summary overview of modern‐art movements and selected works indicates a continued, if critical, engagement of avant‐garde artists with cartography, and the examination of more popular newspaper artwork produced in the context of the intensely modern visual culture of mid‐twentieth century Los Angeles indicates a similarly close connection between modernity, art and cartography.     

郭嵩焘的近代外交意识

郭嵩焘是中国第一位驻外公使,在中国由传统外交向近代化外交的转型时期,以其独特和前瞻眼光来看待中外关系。其外交思想中的近代意识表现为对传统夷夏观的突破、对近代西方外交观念、外交礼仪的吸收、接纳,以及创办近代外交机制的努力等内容。郭嵩焘的近代外交意识,对晚清外交的近代化产生了深刻而广泛的影响。     

近代史家和20世纪三四十年代香港史学

0世纪 3 0、40年代 ,若干大陆史学家到香港 ,如 3 0年代的胡适、许地山及稍后的陈寅恪 ,40年代下半段的郭沫若、胡绳、黎澍、侯外庐、翦伯赞 ,40年代末的钱穆、罗香林、简又文等。这是内地史学、史学家与香港发生联系一个十分重要的时期 ,推动香港史学起步和成长。许地山出任香港大学文学院院长 ,初步改变了香港文史教育陈旧、落后的局面 ;郭、胡、黎、侯、翦等史学大师在香港的经历 ,使史学工作与时代潮流融汇在一起 ;钱穆等移迁香港后 ,在培养史学人才、繁荣史学研究方面均有建树 ,一时成为执香港史学牛耳之宗师 ,推动了香港史学的成长。     

春秋决狱法律内涵的重新审视

形成于西汉时期的春秋决狱,是我国古代一种独特的司法裁判方式。它对中国封建法制的发展产生了深远的影响。春秋决狱重视法律原则,注重法律的主观因素、法律的灵活性和法律适用的社会基础,它所蕴涵的司法价值和理念对我国的法治建设仍有借鉴意义。