古代(战国)丝织品的降解特征初探

为深入了解研究古丝绸的降解特征,对新鲜丝绸和古丝绸进行对比研究,采用了包括扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、差热分析仪等现代仪器分析方法,从宏观到微观对古丝织品进行了多角度、多层次的综合分析。结果表明,古代丝绸在复杂的地下环境下,受酸、碱、盐和微生物的综合作用,丝绸的宏观形貌、分子结构发生了明显变化。古丝绸的质地也不再有蚕茧那么致密均匀,丝蛋白的构像发生了变化,肽键断裂,碳碳键断裂,结晶度变小,热稳定性变差,使之失去了原有的强度。了解这些降解特征对采取正确的保存保护古丝绸具有重要的意义。     

试论中国新兴的人工旅游资源

以1958年美国兴建洛杉矶迪尼斯乐园为标帜,国际上人工旅游资源正迅速崛起。近十年来我国新兴的人工旅游资源不断涌现,主要有:(1)微缩景观公园;(2)影视拍摄基地;(3)游乐园及野生动物园;(4)仿古街及仿古园林;(5)专题博物馆与碑林;(6)旅游节日等。我国新兴的人工旅游资源在地理分布上集中在东部沿海地区,具有求知、求新、求乐、求奇的时代特征,意味着我国旅游形式从单纯的游览观光开始向游客参与和消遣型转变。一些人工旅游资源如深圳\"锦绣中华\"公园,无锡\"唐城\"、北京世界公园、哈尔滨冰灯艺术节等取得良好的社会效益和经济效益。今后对人工旅游资源的发展应保持宏观控制与正确引导。     

鄂尔多斯地区近代移民研究

清代以来。内地的人口不断增长。人地矛盾日益突出。晋、陕地区的人口大量迁往鄂尔多斯地区,对该地区的经济发展、人口分布、社会结构及民族关系等方面都产生了深远的影响,对边疆的巩固起到了一定的作用。     

Mandibular ramus posterior flexure: a sex indicator in Homo sapiens fossil hominids?

Accurate determination of sex in skeletal human samples is very important in anthropological and demographic studies. Recently, Loth and Henneberg have suggested that a new osteological criterion on the mandible, the mandibular ramus posterior flexure (MRPF) had a high sex discriminating effectiveness. A preliminary test applied to a few hominid mandibles )including Australopithecines, Homo erectus, Neanderthals and Upper palaeolithic hominids) apparently confirmed the high reliability of the MRPF as a sex indicator ‘over time and through palaeospecies’. As the pelvis is commonly considered as providing the most significant criteria that allows the establishment of skeletal sexual dimorphism of adults, the present paper evaluates this mandibular feature on a few additional palaeolithic hominids (i.e. Neanderthals and Early Modern Humans) for whom a gender estimation was known based upon the pelvis. This analysis was conducted on the original material and its results appear in contradiction with those of the previous studies made by Loth and Henneberg. A reconsideration of the visual assessment of MRPF as a sex indicator in Homo sapiens fossil hominids is therefore suggested. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现代馆的时代含义

艺术的力量不容忽视,南京博物院艺术陈列馆的现代馆需要鲜明的个性,这个个性要具有时代特色浓厚的展示内容来填充,从而达到推动社会文明进程及城市发展的目的,这是本文努力强调的。     

God,not Caesar: Revisiting National Socialism as ‘political religion’

This article argues that use of the concept of ‘political religion’ to describe the radicalized political movements of the twentieth century has again gained currency in recent years as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union as well as the global upsurge of religiously inspired violence and that research with respect to religion proper – what religion is, its role in public life, its evolving reception by ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’ – can advance the discussion. The article subsequently offers the author's own research as evidence of the concept's applicability to the case of National Socialism. Analysis focuses, specifically, on a movement in nineteenth century Germany to develop a secular system of ethics, a project that eventually led, ironically and tragically, to the emergence of a new faith in a absolutized ‘collective will’ as the transcendent source of all moral values. The National Socialist movement subsequently co-opted this article of faith, the article argues, by transforming Hitler into a holy medium for the salvific dictates of what became, by the early 1930s, an unimpeachable ‘Volkswille.’     

Nixon's Coup: Establishing the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, 1969–70

In early 1969 the new US President, Richard Nixon, suggested the expansion of allied political consultation, as well as the setting up of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) committee which would deal with environmental problems. The Americans stressed that their proposal did not involve merely the technical aspects of environmental protection, but also the need for modern governance to evolve in order to safeguard the ‘quality of life’, a prime aspect affecting the legitimisation of the political and social systems. The US proposal was not received enthusiastically by the allies, who had little desire for radical changes, and did not regard this as a proper subject for the alliance; some even feared that a NATO role in environmental questions might mask a US disengagement from European security, especially during an era of détente. However, after making sure that the new committee would be fully under the control of the Council (in accordance with NATO's inter-governmental character), the allies finally agreed to its creation. The NATO discussions on the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) point to the emergence of a new, more complex international agenda, and raise interesting questions regarding transatlantic relations during an era of wider transitions.     

新中国历史科学的盛举--论中国史学会主编<中国近代史资料丛刊>的重大成就

20世纪 5 0年代 ,经过中国史学会精心组织 ,由一批第一流学者分别担任主编 ,1 0年之中编辑出版了《中国近代史资料丛刊》 1 0种 ,62册 ,共计 3 0 0 0余万字。它是在马克思主义观点指导下对近代史资料的一次大规模的科学整理 ,为近代史研究提供了最基本和最有价值的史料 ,成就巨大 ,影响深远 ,因而堪称是新中国历史科学的盛举。