Remaking the Fighting Man. Martial Masculinity and the British Army’s Command Depots, 1915–1918

During the First World War, the British Army sought to avoid manpower wastage by setting up ‘Command Depots’ specialising in physical therapy for the wounded. The present article will argue that Command Depots restored military usefulness in tandem with the restoration of an appropriately martial masculine identity. Additionally, in contrast to recent studies that focus on non-compliance with authority, the article will also contend that in the case of Command Depots there is evidence to demonstrate a general approval of the system’s processes, with trainees being embraced as exemplars of masculine conduct in wartime.     

J.S. Marais,a great South African historian: a personal re-assessment

This article is a personal assessment aimed to establish J.S. Marais’s legacy. It is written in the light of the insights I gained as I interacted with him as an undergraduate and honours student (starting in 1949), as a research student, and finally as a departmental colleague over a period of ten years or so. It begins with my experience of his teaching. He was a poor lecturer, especially to large classes. This improved with smaller classes. He came into his own in the honours year. He was a specialist in South African history as a case study in the colonial era, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. Marais was excellent as a supervisor of postgraduate research from honours to doctoral level, empathetic and patient in handling his students’ needs. A further feature of his honours teaching was his development of a course in historical method and philosophy of history. Next, the article covers Marais’s preparation for an academic career, first at UCT and then at Oxford, leading in both cases to BA and honours degrees. Then his studies culminated in his doctoral thesis on the colonisation of New Zealand. This enabled him by 1927 to become a lecturer at UCT, a post he held until he moved to Wits as a senior lecturer in 1937. Marais’s high reputation rested mainly on his books. The article continues with an assessment of each of these, including their reception by his colleagues. The article ends with an appraisal of Marais’s qualities. Poor as an administrator, he was outstanding as a head of department at the intellectual level and also as a leader of the joint campaign of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) and UCT against the imposition of apartheid on the universities.     

明代军民指挥使司建置标准考论

军民指挥使司是明代创制的兼管军民的特殊行政建置,而其建置标准学界认知多有不同。本文认为民户是军民指挥使司建立的关键要素,并利用大量的明代文献材料,证实了军民指挥使司直接或间接的辖有相当数量的编户齐民。而集中分布在北边一线的实土卫所并未建立起军民共管的军民卫所体制,进一步印证了民户对军民指挥使司建立的重要意义。这决定了军民指挥使司具有"军"与"民"的两面性特征,游走于都司与布政司两套管理系统之间。     

凌惕安与《咸同贵州军事史》

凌惕安是民国时期贵州著名学者,藏书家。对凌惕安的学术成就,贵州学界至今未有文章论及。《威同贵州军事史》是凌惕安的一部重要著作,他酝酿十年,笔耕四年而完成,全书共六十万字,详细记载了成同时期贵州54起起义事件,收录了与成同起义时期有关亲历者所写的资料,该书对研究贵州咸同起义有较高的学术价值。     

Inside “the system”: engineers,scientists, and the boundaries of social protest in the long 1960s

By the end of the 1960s, many engineers and scientists in the US questioned the social and political dimensions of science and technology. This introspection came as critics assailed science and technology as elements of the militaristic, alienating structure of modern society. Engineers and scientists repudiated, appropriated, or sometimes even acted in concert with these critics. Also relevant, however, in engineers' and scientists' evaluations of their role in society were the emergence of “engineering science,” pre‐existing political ideologies, and simply making a living in a volatile economy. This paper presents dissention from three vantages within the technical community: design engineer Steve Slaby at Princeton University, the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the activist organization Science for the People, located in chapters across the country. These cases differ in the actors' level of political consciousness, their involvement in military research, and the tactics they employed. All, however, suggest cause for reassessment both of the borders between “critics” and “scientists” and of the culture of “total control” ascribed to the era.     

The politics of town planning in post-war Naples

The article examines town planning in the city of Naples since the war and, in ­particular, the ambiguous relations between politicians and policy. The focus of the analysis highlights the failure to give effect to the various master plans (PRG) ­discussed and sometimes adopted by the city authorities. This explains to a large extent the widespread building speculation that occurred in these years.     

抗战时期的黄埔军校与贵州

抗战时期的黄埔军校情况复杂,不仅分校众多,且不少军校生由军校委托各专门军事学校代训,仍属军校建制。抗战时期,黄埔军校四分校及为军校代训的三所专门军事学校迁入贵州。贵州为军校的发展提供了相对稳定的环境,培养大批基层军官,有力地保存了抗日力量。军校也对当地教育等方面产生了积极影响。     

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF FAIENCE FRAGMENTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE TOWN MOSAIC AT KNOSSOS*

We analysed a faience fragment from Bristol Museum and Art Gallery, to determine whether it belonged to the Town Mosaic, excavated at Knossos. Three Town Mosaic fragments from the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford were also examined. The objects were analysed using non‐destructive variable‐pressure scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. The Bristol object's composition and microstructures are similar to those of the Town Mosaic samples. Our results are also comparable to those from polished samples of Minoan faience (Tite et al. 2009 ), showing that VP SEM–EDX gives reliable results without invasive sampling. Silicaceous, copper‐rich microspheres were identified for the first time in two of the Ashmolean objects.     

上海青龙镇遗址出土瓷器和砖瓦样品热释光特性研究

利用热释光测定年代技术对青龙镇出土样品的烧造年代进行检测分析,以求帮助了解不同历史时期青龙镇瓷器贸易的发展状况。为此,本工作以青龙镇遗址出土瓷器中的67件瓷片及4件砖瓦样品为研究对象,用热释光前剂量饱和指数法测定瓷片样品古剂量;用热释光高温细颗粒技术测定砖瓦样品古剂量;用厚源α粒子计数法和X射线荧光光谱技术测量样品年剂量。瓷片样品热释光年代结果从唐代至南宋不等,砖瓦样品年代结果为北宋时期烧造,与文献记载中隆平寺塔的始建时间相符。     

Historical Archaeology and the Recent Urban Past

This paper examines the ways in which international historical archaeologists have explored the recent past, in an effort to inform and contribute to contemporary debates about social identity and social inclusion. It is argued that the archaeology of the mundane and everyday can contribute to contemporary culture by creating a sense of community and developing social cohesion. Emphasis is placed upon the archaeology of the recent urban past and case studies are presented from New York, Sydney and Cape Town. The paper concludes that the study of the materiality of urban social life offers a powerful research tool for social scientists, and that archaeologists and heritage interpreters should make greater use of this form of evidence within the context of early 21st‐century urban regeneration schemes in the UK.