To understand and be understood: facilitating interdisciplinary learning through the promotion of communicative competence

Whilst interdisciplinarity has become a central concern of research and learning in geography, few from the discipline have considered the practical facilitation of interdisciplinarity in the classroom. Module convenors, I argue, must pay greater attention to how learners engage and negotiate with peers and perspectives from other disciplines. In this paper, I focus on my own efforts in designing and teaching a second year undergraduate course on health, biomedicine, and society, to illuminate the opportunities and challenges facing teaching staff who seek to provide opportunities for interdisciplinary learning in the classroom. Drawing upon theories of communication, I demonstrate the significance of developing “communicative competence” as a pathway to successful interdisciplinary learning. Unless learners from one discipline can understand, and be understood by, peers from other disciplines, the accomplishment of interdisciplinary learning is undermined. Interdisciplinary modules should include learning outcomes that facilitate student development in this area. Approaching interdisciplinary learning through the lens of communicative competence casts critical attention upon the central abilities and cultural sensitivities that are the hallmarks of interdisciplinary collaboration – from negotiating meaning to critical disciplinary awareness – and highlights the lessons that interdisciplinarity poses for disciplines, such as geography, tasked with preparing students for interdisciplinary learning.     

岭南铜提筒与江东原始瓷筒形器的比较研究——兼论百越文化视野下的提筒形器

岭南地区秦汉时期的铜提筒在当地越文化中具有代表性。江东地区西周春秋时期的墓葬或遗址中常出土一类带提耳的原始瓷筒形器,其造型独特,纹饰繁复,在尺寸、器形等方面与铜提筒多有相似之处。从浙江德清火烧山原始瓷窑址出土的一批标本器入手,对这一类筒形器重新进行类型学分析,然后就其主要的功能性因素与岭南铜提筒进行比较研究,可以明确二者的相关性,进而归纳出此类提筒形器在春秋以后南方各地出现的规律。该形制可能并非被动传播的文化因素,而是百越文化背景下各地的统治阶层在特定的社会历史环境中,为凝聚族群认同,维护统治利益,而对文化因素和器物形制作出主动选择和"策略性操控"的产物。     

边疆地理名称与晚清川藏边务——以“川边”、“西康”概念为考察中心

晚清是近代中国边疆政治地理发生巨大变动的转折时期。随着边疆危机日趋深重,晚清时人逐步意识到慎重命名地理名称的重要性。川藏交界区域地理名称的生成、运用,经历了"炉边"、"川疆"、"川边"等名称混用,以"川边"为过渡性名称,到弃用"川边"、强调"西康"名称的过程。地理名称的变更与晚清川藏边务密切相关,特别是对"边"、"藏"界域之争的有力回应。探讨边疆地理名称多歧性、竞争性,则是本文将历史地理学研究与概念史方法相结合的一种尝试。     

“非遗”传承人权利保障机制地方法制评述:兼论“非遗法”的反思与完善

《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》("非遗法")颁布实施以后,我国已就非物质文化遗产(非遗)传承人权利保障相关问题进行地方法制实践。这些地方立法不仅保留了"非遗法"相关规定之精华,同时亦在此基础上进行了创新。这些地方法制的做法不仅具有正当性,还具有诸多亮点和启示。为缓解非遗领域不同位阶法律适用冲突以及平衡、协调非遗传承人权利与义务之间关系,"非遗法"应就非遗传承人权利保障机制等问题进行规定,以最终实现非遗法律体系形式功能与实质功能的统一。     

A journey to Mars: John Dewey’s lectures and inquiry in China

ABSTRACT

Instead of the framework of influence–acceptance commonly used in previous studies, the author uses new sources to reexamine John Dewey’s visit to China from the perspective of interactive experience. This study presents Dewey’s lectures in China as the result of interrelationships among a variety of elements – Columbia University, different hosts and audiences, the media, all levels of the Chinese government, the domestic situation in the United States, the international situation, and Dewey’s expectations and work – against the general background of China’s New Culture Movement and new educational reforms. Dewey’s speeches on democracy, science, and new education were remarkably successful in the first year of his visit to China, but began to meet with resistance from some students beginning in June 1920. Because of the Red Scare in the United States, Dewey had to stay in China. In the second year of his visit, he gave warmly welcomed lectures on the same topics in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong Provinces. With a deeper understanding of China, Dewey not only identified himself with reform plans but also began to pay more attention to China’s economic problems. His inquiry into the problems confronting China is a good example of what he advocated in his lectures: seeing democracy, science, and new education as a way of thinking and carrying out actions and making intellectual choices while moving forward.     

19世纪中国外销油画的白色颜料研究——以《上海外滩》油画为例

外销油画(export oil painting)作为中国早期油画遗存,不仅呈现了中国南方沿岸城市的地理风貌和风土民俗,而且蕴藏着中国早期本土油画的制作技艺。本研究采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能谱,并结合傅里叶变换显微红外光谱和拉曼光谱调查了一幅19世纪中国外销油画《上海外滩》中所用白色颜料的种类及其使用方法。研究结果表明:该幅清代油画画作底子所使用的白色颜料主要为白垩(CaCO₃)和石英(SiO₂);在颜料层中发现含锌颜料与油性媒介发生化学反应的产物羧酸锌(金属皂)。本研究为中国早期外销油画的材料与技法研究及修复保护提供了参考依据。     

“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的研究与修复

为了解故宫博物院藏文物“紫檀木边点翠金质山水图围屏”屏心的制作工艺,使用X射线荧光光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪及数码显微镜对文物进行检测,明确了屏风所用材质:满铺“卍”字纹点翠为基底,大面积山体使用纯金打造,细节装饰配件则用金银合金、金银铜合金和银等金属材料制成,金质嵌件用金属丝拴结的方式与点翠基底相连接。笔者以科学技术分析为依托,确定了屏风的制作工艺为:制作木板底纹—点翠—制作金属嵌件—金属部件组装固定。针对点翠脱落严重、灰尘堆积严重、金属部件脱落、点翠基底开裂等伤况,对文物进行了点翠加固、除尘、金属部件加固、基底修复四个步骤完成修复。此修复研究为了解清代宫廷大型屏风的制作工艺提供了实践依据,并为后期同类文物的修复提供经验支持。     

故宫博物院藏宋代铜凤凰的修复保护与研究

文物修复保护及研究是一项涵盖多学科、多因素的系统性工作,不同文物中所包含的历史信息、文化价值和病害情况等都有其独特性。对文物的观察和研究,既能够发现、研究其中有价值的问题,又能够决定如何具体开展文物修复保护工作。本文以故宫博物院藏的一件宋代铜凤凰修复保护及研究工作为例,以时间发展和问题递进两个方面为顺序,对铜凤凰进行了信息调查、元素成分、形态结构、制作工艺等方面的综合研究,科学地、具体地、整体地分析在此项工作过程中所遇到的问题,根据实际情况提出与之相适应的解决方案并加以实施,对问题的发现过程与形成因素给出尽可能详细的解释,直观呈现对这件文物完整的修复保护及研究。在整个工作的过程中,思考使用问题导向思维作为文物修复保护中开展工作的底层逻辑,使所做工作都尽可能做到知其然也知其所以然。     

敦煌刺绣《灵鹫山说法图》的年代及相关问题

本文对敦煌刺绣作品《灵鹫山说法图》的制作年代根据相关的资料作出判断,指出当在7世纪末的武周圣历年间;同时结合中国刺绣的历史,就敦煌古代刺绣作品研究的价值意义提出自己的看法。     

文物产地与矿料来源研究的现状与展望

文物产地与矿料来源研究是考古学中的一个重要研究领域,其可为考古学研究提供极有价值的信息。本文介绍了这一研究领域的现状及其基础理论和方法,并对未来的发展方向作了展望。