南阳山东两地汉代画像墓葬之比较

南阳和山东是我国汉代画像墓葬发现和使用较早的两个地区,但两地画像墓葬的类型、形制以及发展的趋势各不相同。比较两地汉画墓葬的类型、结构形式、画像装饰的题材和布局,对深入研究汉画墓葬的兴衰及其社会根源具有一定的积极意义。     

试论魏晋隋唐时期的宗族政策

魏晋南北朝时期,既是中古宗族势力发展的顶点,也是其由盛而衰的转折点。各王朝在巩固与发展的过程中,一方面虽然必须借助于宗族与士族势力的支持;另一方面,它们都与异己的宗族与士族势力进行着强力的较量,并开始清理宗族势力在乡村社会中的根基。就其宗族政策而言,魏晋以依托为主,南北朝以收拢为主;收拢之力度南不如北。至隋唐时期,旧式宗族逐渐消解,新式宗族开始登上历史舞台,隋唐王朝则从制度上完成了对宗族这一社会力量的有效分解与钳制。在隋唐宗族政策的冲击下,中古宗族的政治与军事功能逐渐消退,经济互助功能以及血缘凝聚力的效能与影响明显逊于前代,宗族威权发生蜕变,开始了向近古新型宗族的演进。     

庙底沟时代与“早期中国”

仰韶文化东庄—庙底沟类型时期,中国大部分地区的考古学文化首次交融联系形成以中原为核心的文化共同体,这个文化共同体所处的新时代即为庙底沟时代。总体来看,庙底沟时代是在公元前4000年前后仰韶文化东庄—庙底沟类型对外强力扩张影响下形成的,其到来标志着"早期中国文化圈"或文化上"早期中国"的形成。     

广东博罗横岭山墓地分析

广东博罗横岭山墓地是一处较大型的商周时期墓地,随葬品丰富,据随葬品的差别可分为砺石墓、纺轮墓、兵器墓与第四类墓。四类墓葬在随葬品的总数、组合与配置方面具有明显的差异,因此,分析四类墓葬的特点对探讨当时的墓地布局、埋葬习俗、墓葬等级、社会分工、社会分层等具有重要的意义。     

民国时期南京特别市行政区域划界研究

幅员和边界是政区的基本要素。城市型政区作为一种新型的政区类型,肇始于民国时期,是从原地域型政区中切块设置而来。在设市之初,并没有现成的法律、法规加以规范,因此市的范围到底应该划多大就成为新设之市府与原地域型政区(即其划离之母体)之间首先需要解决的问题。通过考察南京特别市行政区域边界的划定过程,展示了城市型政区幅员划定过程中的各种冲突以及在中国近代市制完善过程中所起的作用。     

陕西华阴兴乐坊遗址发掘简报

兴乐坊村隶属于陕西省华阴市桃下镇,西南距华阴市约10公里(图一)。遗址位于兴乐坊村南部,南依秦岭,北临渭河。该遗址是第三次文物普查新发现的文物点,遗址南北宽约500、东西长约600米,面积27万平方米。为配合潼(关)西(安)高速公路改扩建工程的建设,陕西     

陕西白水县下河遗址仰韶文化房址发掘简报

2010年,陕西省考古研究院对白水县下河遗址进行了发掘,主要收获为三座大型房址。三座房址均为五边形,有内、外两层墙体,使用料礓石烧制的白灰铺设地面。房址内出土遗物以陶器为主,另有石器、骨器和蚌器。这三座房址的发掘,对研究仰韶时期的建筑技术以及该遗址的聚落、经济等具有重要意义。     

Bystry Kulyogan-38 –Bronze Age Fortified Dwelling In The Surgut Ob Area

In 2000, archaeologists from Yekaterinburg and Surgut excavated the preserved portion (380 sq. m) of the Bronze Age fortifi ed settlement situated on the Bystry Kulyogan River, right bank of the Ob River, 35 km west of Surgut. The settlement was initially estimated to be approximately 650 sq. m in size. An isolated dwelling was located on a small sandy promontory. It was protected by an arcuate moat and probably by a palisade along the perimeter. The dwelling is rectangular in plan and resembles a tall truncated pyramid with rounded angles. It is characterized by a frame-pole construction with vertical load bearing posts, inclined log and pole walls, and fl at or very low gable roof similar to those encountered among traditional Khanty surface dwellings or above grave structures. Walls were fi xed by sandy mounds along the outer perimeter. The largest portion of the dwelling was occupied by a rectangular pit with vertical walls 0.4–0.9 m high sheeted with half-beams or half-section timber. Plank beds were located along the walls. The elevated shelf between the pit and walls was used to store kitchen utensils, tools, and provisions. The Bronze Age assemblage includes 33 stone artifacts and 1640 fragments of at least 25 Kulyogan type vessels. Vessels are jar-like with fl at bottom, decorated with comb and pit patterns. The site is preliminarily dated to the fi rst half or the fi rst third of the 2nd millennium BC.     

初中数学教学“探究式学习”研究

学生创造性思维的产生,有赖于心理自由。建立和谐、民主的学习氛围,便是为学生营造探究式学习的快乐天地,激起学生自主学习的欲望,使学生成为学习的真正主人。将自己对数学的探究内化为一种需要,一种乐趣和一种强的内驱力。     

Bone Hairpins at the Yinxu Site: Types,Origin & Development,and Functions

Unearthed bone hairpins from Yinxu, large in number and varying in type, are both utilitarian and symbolic in function. They were mainly buried with a small number of nobles, most of whom were female. This might demonstrate that the common burial custom at Yinxu was leaving hair untied after death. Buried bone hairpins are indicators of social status. A large number of bone hairpins unearthed from dwelling contexts suggests the Shang people’s preference for them, a continuous tradition since the Xiaqiyuan culture, indicating distinguishable hierarchy. Bone hairpins from Yinxu were necessary for daily life but also prestige goods, indicating differentiation in status, wealth, and hierarchy. Bone hairpins of the Yinxu style were used until the Western Zhou period. However, the rituality and symbolism behind the material gradually disappeared, which can be viewed as a material manifestation of reforms in power and ritual during the Shang and Zhou periods.